On Ski–Snow Contact Mechanics During the Double Poling Cycle in Cross-Country Skiing

IF 2.9 3区 工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL
Gustav Hindér, Kalle Kalliorinne, Joakim Sandberg, Andreas Almqvist, Hans-Christer Holmberg, Roland Larsson
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Abstract

Of the medals awarded during the Winter Olympics Games, most are awarded for sports involving cross-country (XC) skiing. The Double Poling (DP) technique, which is one of the sub-techniques used most frequently in XC skiing, has not yet been studied using simulations of the ski–snow contact mechanics. This work introduces a novel method for analysing how changes in the distribution of pressure on the sole of the foot (Plantar Pressure Distribution or PPD) during the DP motion affect the contact between the ski and the snow. The PPD recorded as the athlete performed DP, along with an Artificial Neural Network trained to predict the geometry of the ski (ski-camber profile), were used as input data for a solver based on the boundary element method, which models the interaction between the ski and the snow. This solver provides insights into how the area of contact and the distribution of pressure on the ski-snow interface change over time. The results reveal that variations in PPD, the type of ski, and the stiffness of the snow all have a significant impact on the contact between the ski and the snow. This information can be used to improve the Double Poling technique and make better choices of skis for specific snow conditions, ultimately leading to improved performance.

Graphical Abstract

Abstract Image

论越野滑雪双杆周期中的滑雪板与雪地接触力学
在冬奥会期间颁发的奖牌中,大部分是越野滑雪(XC)项目的奖牌。双人撑杆(DP)技术是越野滑雪中最常用的子技术之一,但目前尚未使用滑雪与雪地接触力学模拟对其进行研究。这项工作引入了一种新方法,用于分析在 DP 运动中脚底压力分布(足底压力分布或 PPD)的变化如何影响滑雪板与雪的接触。运动员在进行DP运动时记录的PPD,连同为预测滑雪板几何形状(滑雪板-凹槽轮廓)而训练的人工神经网络,被用作基于边界元素法的求解器的输入数据,该求解器模拟滑雪板与雪之间的相互作用。通过该求解器,可以深入了解滑雪板与雪界面的接触面积和压力分布是如何随时间变化的。结果表明,PPD、滑雪板类型和雪的硬度的变化都会对滑雪板和雪之间的接触产生重大影响。这些信息可用于改进双人撑杆技术,并针对特定的雪地条件更好地选择滑雪板,最终提高滑雪成绩。
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来源期刊
Tribology Letters
Tribology Letters 工程技术-工程:化工
CiteScore
5.30
自引率
9.40%
发文量
116
审稿时长
2.5 months
期刊介绍: Tribology Letters is devoted to the development of the science of tribology and its applications, particularly focusing on publishing high-quality papers at the forefront of tribological science and that address the fundamentals of friction, lubrication, wear, or adhesion. The journal facilitates communication and exchange of seminal ideas among thousands of practitioners who are engaged worldwide in the pursuit of tribology-based science and technology.
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