{"title":"Influence of reaction parameters on biofuels derived from solvothermal liquefaction of Citrus limetta fruit wastes","authors":"Sneha Acharya, Nanda Kishore","doi":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2024.107183","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><em>Citrus limetta</em> or sweet lime is a widely consumed fruit worldwide. The wastes generated from their processing are enormous and are discarded without any value-addition. Biomass liquefaction in hydrogen-donor solvent is an effective thermochemical conversion technique to produce value added products such as biocrude and biochar from wet biomasses directly. Thus, liquefaction studies of <em>Citrus limetta</em> peel and pulp were conducted using solvent methanol at temperatures of 240 °C–280 °C, 30 min residence time as well as 1:2, 1:3 and 1:4 ratios of biomass to solvent. The impact of temperature as well as biomass to solvent ratio on yield of biocrude and biochar were investigated herein. Biocrude produced from <em>Citrus limetta</em> peel at 240 °C and 1:3 ratio of biomass to solvent is maximum (12.5 wt. %). At reaction parameters of 280 °C and 1:4 ratio of biomass to solvent, biocrude from <em>Citrus limetta</em> pulp showed higher heating value of 27.18 MJ kg<sup>−1</sup> which was the maximum obtained in this study. The gas-chromatography mass-spectrometry (GC-MS) indicated presence of alcohols, phenols, alkanes, ketones, ethers, esters and fatty acid methyl esters as major compounds. The characteristics and energy content of biochar demonstrated their potentiality for bioenergy applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":253,"journal":{"name":"Biomass & Bioenergy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.8000,"publicationDate":"2024-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Biomass & Bioenergy","FirstCategoryId":"5","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0961953424001363","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Citrus limetta or sweet lime is a widely consumed fruit worldwide. The wastes generated from their processing are enormous and are discarded without any value-addition. Biomass liquefaction in hydrogen-donor solvent is an effective thermochemical conversion technique to produce value added products such as biocrude and biochar from wet biomasses directly. Thus, liquefaction studies of Citrus limetta peel and pulp were conducted using solvent methanol at temperatures of 240 °C–280 °C, 30 min residence time as well as 1:2, 1:3 and 1:4 ratios of biomass to solvent. The impact of temperature as well as biomass to solvent ratio on yield of biocrude and biochar were investigated herein. Biocrude produced from Citrus limetta peel at 240 °C and 1:3 ratio of biomass to solvent is maximum (12.5 wt. %). At reaction parameters of 280 °C and 1:4 ratio of biomass to solvent, biocrude from Citrus limetta pulp showed higher heating value of 27.18 MJ kg−1 which was the maximum obtained in this study. The gas-chromatography mass-spectrometry (GC-MS) indicated presence of alcohols, phenols, alkanes, ketones, ethers, esters and fatty acid methyl esters as major compounds. The characteristics and energy content of biochar demonstrated their potentiality for bioenergy applications.
期刊介绍:
Biomass & Bioenergy is an international journal publishing original research papers and short communications, review articles and case studies on biological resources, chemical and biological processes, and biomass products for new renewable sources of energy and materials.
The scope of the journal extends to the environmental, management and economic aspects of biomass and bioenergy.
Key areas covered by the journal:
• Biomass: sources, energy crop production processes, genetic improvements, composition. Please note that research on these biomass subjects must be linked directly to bioenergy generation.
• Biological Residues: residues/rests from agricultural production, forestry and plantations (palm, sugar etc), processing industries, and municipal sources (MSW). Papers on the use of biomass residues through innovative processes/technological novelty and/or consideration of feedstock/system sustainability (or unsustainability) are welcomed. However waste treatment processes and pollution control or mitigation which are only tangentially related to bioenergy are not in the scope of the journal, as they are more suited to publications in the environmental arena. Papers that describe conventional waste streams (ie well described in existing literature) that do not empirically address ''new'' added value from the process are not suitable for submission to the journal.
• Bioenergy Processes: fermentations, thermochemical conversions, liquid and gaseous fuels, and petrochemical substitutes
• Bioenergy Utilization: direct combustion, gasification, electricity production, chemical processes, and by-product remediation
• Biomass and the Environment: carbon cycle, the net energy efficiency of bioenergy systems, assessment of sustainability, and biodiversity issues.