Central nervous system infections in the tropics.

IF 3.6 3区 医学 Q2 INFECTIOUS DISEASES
Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases Pub Date : 2024-06-01 Epub Date: 2024-03-26 DOI:10.1097/QCO.0000000000001015
Angel Miraclin T, Bhagteshwar Singh, Priscilla Rupali
{"title":"Central nervous system infections in the tropics.","authors":"Angel Miraclin T, Bhagteshwar Singh, Priscilla Rupali","doi":"10.1097/QCO.0000000000001015","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>Emerging and re-emerging central nervous system (CNS) infections are a major public health concern in the tropics. The reasons for this are myriad; climate change, rainfall, deforestation, increased vector density combined with poverty, poor sanitation and hygiene. This review focuses on pathogens, which have emerged and re-emerged, with the potential for significant morbidity and mortality.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>In recent years, multiple acute encephalitis outbreaks have been caused by Nipah virus, which carries a high case fatality. Arboviral infections, predominantly dengue, chikungunya and Zika are re-emerging increasingly especially in urban areas due to changing human habitats, vector behaviour and viral evolution. Scrub typhus, another vector borne disease caused by the bacterium Orientia tsutsugamushi , is being established as a leading cause of CNS infections in the tropics.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>A syndromic and epidemiological approach to CNS infections in the tropics is essential to plan appropriate diagnostic tests and management. Rapid diagnostic tests facilitate early diagnosis and thus help prompt initiation and focusing of therapy to prevent adverse outcomes. Vector control, cautious urbanization and deforestation, and reducing disturbance of ecosystems can help prevent spread of vector-borne diseases. Regional diagnostic and treatment approaches and specific vaccines are required to avert morbidity and mortality.</p>","PeriodicalId":10880,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6000,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1097/QCO.0000000000001015","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2024/3/26 0:00:00","PubModel":"Epub","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"INFECTIOUS DISEASES","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0

Abstract

Purpose of review: Emerging and re-emerging central nervous system (CNS) infections are a major public health concern in the tropics. The reasons for this are myriad; climate change, rainfall, deforestation, increased vector density combined with poverty, poor sanitation and hygiene. This review focuses on pathogens, which have emerged and re-emerged, with the potential for significant morbidity and mortality.

Recent findings: In recent years, multiple acute encephalitis outbreaks have been caused by Nipah virus, which carries a high case fatality. Arboviral infections, predominantly dengue, chikungunya and Zika are re-emerging increasingly especially in urban areas due to changing human habitats, vector behaviour and viral evolution. Scrub typhus, another vector borne disease caused by the bacterium Orientia tsutsugamushi , is being established as a leading cause of CNS infections in the tropics.

Summary: A syndromic and epidemiological approach to CNS infections in the tropics is essential to plan appropriate diagnostic tests and management. Rapid diagnostic tests facilitate early diagnosis and thus help prompt initiation and focusing of therapy to prevent adverse outcomes. Vector control, cautious urbanization and deforestation, and reducing disturbance of ecosystems can help prevent spread of vector-borne diseases. Regional diagnostic and treatment approaches and specific vaccines are required to avert morbidity and mortality.

热带地区的中枢神经系统感染。
审查目的:新发和复发的中枢神经系统(CNS)感染是热带地区的主要公共卫生问题。造成这种情况的原因是多方面的:气候变化、降雨、森林砍伐、病媒密度增加以及贫困、环境卫生和个人卫生差。本综述重点关注新出现和再次出现的病原体,这些病原体有可能造成严重的发病率和死亡率:近年来,尼帕脑炎(Nipah)引发了多起急性脑炎疫情,死亡率很高。由于人类栖息地、病媒行为和病毒进化的变化,虫媒病毒感染,主要是登革热、基孔肯雅和寨卡病毒的重新出现日益增多,特别是在城市地区。恙虫病是由恙虫病原菌引起的另一种病媒传播疾病,正在成为热带地区中枢神经系统感染的主要病因。快速诊断检测有助于早期诊断,从而有助于及时启动和重点治疗,防止不良后果的发生。病媒控制、谨慎的城市化和森林砍伐以及减少对生态系统的干扰有助于防止病媒传播疾病。为避免发病率和死亡率,需要采取区域诊断和治疗方法以及特定疫苗。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
求助全文
约1分钟内获得全文 求助全文
来源期刊
CiteScore
6.70
自引率
2.60%
发文量
121
审稿时长
6-12 weeks
期刊介绍: This reader-friendly, bimonthly resource provides a powerful, broad-based perspective on the most important advances from throughout the world literature. Featuring renowned guest editors and focusing exclusively on two topics, every issue of Current Opinion in Infectious Disease delivers unvarnished, expert assessments of developments from the previous year. Insightful editorials and on-the-mark invited reviews cover key subjects such as HIV infection and AIDS; skin and soft tissue infections; respiratory infections; paediatric and neonatal infections; gastrointestinal infections; tropical and travel-associated diseases; and antimicrobial agents.
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
确定
请完成安全验证×
copy
已复制链接
快去分享给好友吧!
我知道了
右上角分享
点击右上角分享
0
联系我们:info@booksci.cn Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。 Copyright © 2023 布克学术 All rights reserved.
京ICP备2023020795号-1
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:481959085
Book学术官方微信