Levelized costs and potential production of green hydrogen with wind and solar power in different provinces of mainland China

IF 16.4 1区化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Accounts of Chemical Research Pub Date : 2024-03-01 DOI:10.1063/5.0183511

Jinping Man, Tieju Ma, Yadong Yu, Hongtao Ren

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Abstract

Green hydrogen produced from renewable sources such as wind and photovoltaic (PV) power is expected to be pivotal in China's carbon neutrality target by 2060. This study assessed the potential production, levelized costs of hydrogen (LCOH), and the cost structure in diverse mainland Chinese provinces from 2020 to 2060. It considered various combinations of electrolysis technologies, specifically alkaline electrolysis (AE) and proton exchange membrane (PEM), in conjunction with green electricity sources. The analysis considers the technological learning effects of wind power, PV power, AE, and PEM. This study's primary conclusions and policy recommendations are as follows: (1) PV power would be the predominant energy for green hydrogen production in nearly all of mainland China, providing a potential 2.25–28 642.19 kt/yr hydrogen production in different provinces. (2) AE exhibits cost (with LCOH around 3.18–8.74 USD/kg) competitiveness than PEM (with LCOH around 3.33–10.24 USD/kg) for hydrogen production. Thus, policymakers are advised to focus on the PV power combined with the AE pathway for large-scale hydrogen production. PEM is suggested to be mainly used in cases with high power fluctuations and end devices. (3) The provinces (especially Inner Mongolia, Xinjiang, and Gansu Province) in the Northwest of China show the greatest potential (about 74.35%) and have the lowest LCOH (with around 3.18–4.78 USD/kg). However, these provinces are quite distant from existing energy demand hubs. Thus, decision-makers are advised to focus on developing long-distance transmission/transportation infrastructure for either green electricity or green hydrogen.

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中国大陆不同省份利用风能和太阳能生产绿色氢气的平准化成本和潜力

预计到 2060 年，利用风能和光伏发电等可再生能源生产的绿色氢气将成为中国实现碳中和目标的关键。本研究评估了 2020 年至 2060 年中国大陆不同省份的潜在氢气产量、氢气平准化成本（LCOH）和成本结构。研究考虑了各种电解技术组合，特别是碱性电解（AE）和质子交换膜（PEM），以及绿色电力资源。分析考虑了风力发电、光伏发电、碱性电解和质子交换膜的技术学习效应。本研究的主要结论和政策建议如下：(1) 在中国大陆几乎所有地区，光伏发电将成为绿色制氢的主要能源，在不同省份的潜在制氢量为 2.25-28 642.19 kt/年。(2) 与 PEM（LCOH 约为 3.33-10.24 美元/公斤）相比，AE 的制氢成本（LCOH 约为 3.18-8.74 美元/公斤）更具竞争力。因此，建议政策制定者重点关注光伏发电结合 AE 的大规模制氢途径。建议 PEM 主要用于功率波动较大的情况和终端设备。(3) 中国西北部省份（尤其是内蒙古、新疆和甘肃省）显示出最大的潜力（约 74.35%）和最低的 LCOH（约 3.18-4.78 美元/千克）。然而，这些省份与现有的能源需求中心相距甚远。因此，建议决策者重点发展绿色电力或绿色氢气的远距离传输/运输基础设施。

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来源期刊

Accounts of Chemical Research 化学-化学综合

CiteScore

31.40

自引率

1.10%

发文量

312

审稿时长

2 months

期刊介绍： Accounts of Chemical Research presents short, concise and critical articles offering easy-to-read overviews of basic research and applications in all areas of chemistry and biochemistry. These short reviews focus on research from the author’s own laboratory and are designed to teach the reader about a research project. In addition, Accounts of Chemical Research publishes commentaries that give an informed opinion on a current research problem. Special Issues online are devoted to a single topic of unusual activity and significance. Accounts of Chemical Research replaces the traditional article abstract with an article "Conspectus." These entries synopsize the research affording the reader a closer look at the content and significance of an article. Through this provision of a more detailed description of the article contents, the Conspectus enhances the article's discoverability by search engines and the exposure for the research.