Temporal monitoring of free-living nematode communities for evaluation of soil health in an arable crop rotation

IF 2 3区 农林科学 Q3 ECOLOGY
Ana I.M. Natalio , Mohammed Ahmed , Matthew A. Back , Andrew Richards , Simon Jeffery
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Abstract

There is a growing interest in finding reliable methods for monitoring soil health using bioindicators. Free-living nematodes are an ideal indicator group because of their rapid response to changes in soil conditions. This UK study aims to assess their efficacy as bioindicators using two field experiments. In Experiment-1, the treatments included Farmyard Manure, Green Manure consisting of a mix of Raphanus sativus and Vicia sp., and Standard Practice serving as the control receiving N-fertiliser only. The same treatments, except Farmyard Manure, were compared in Experiment-2, which was on a sloping site with a different textured soil. Soil samples were collected twice during each crop season, in Spring and Autumn, for Experiment-1, and only in Autumn for Experiment-2. Ecological indices that categorise nematodes by feeding preference using morphological differences and life strategies (i.e. functional guilds) were calculated. Indices were compared with the abundance of nematode trophic groups to evaluate their use as soil indicators for understanding crop management practices and their legacy effects. Results showed that identification to trophic groups alone was not a sufficiently sensitive approach for assessing changes in the selected management practices. The variations among trophic groups and treatments within the same sampling period were significantly different for bacterivores, fungivores, predators, omnivores, and herbivores. These differences did not always cooccur within the same sampling period, with bacterivores and plant-parasites of economic importance showing greater responses. The food web analyses, calculated by applying the Enrichment Index and Structure Index, and Plant Parasite Index, provided a more sensitive indicator and allowed more effective diachronic monitoring. While using the composition of trophic groups appears to be an attractive solution, their application is best linked to quantifying short-term changes in soil condition and were not as well suited to longer-term soil health monitoring.

对自由生活的线虫群落进行时间监测,以评估轮作耕地的土壤健康状况
人们越来越希望找到利用生物指标监测土壤健康状况的可靠方法。自由生活的线虫是一个理想的指标组,因为它们对土壤条件的变化反应迅速。英国的这项研究旨在通过两项田间试验评估线虫作为生物指标的功效。在实验 1 中,处理包括农家肥、由油菜和紫花苜蓿混合而成的绿肥,以及只施用氮肥作为对照的标准做法。除农家肥外,相同的处理方法在试验 2 中进行了比较,试验 2 在坡地上进行,土壤质地不同。在每个作物生长季节,实验 1 分春秋两次采集土壤样本,而实验 2 只在秋季采集。利用形态差异和生活策略(即功能行会)对线虫的取食偏好进行分类的生态指数被计算出来。将指数与线虫营养群的丰度进行比较,以评估其作为土壤指标的用途,从而了解作物管理方法及其遗留影响。结果表明,仅凭营养群的识别不足以灵敏地评估所选管理方法的变化。在同一取样期内,不同营养群和不同处理之间的差异在食菌、食真菌、食肉、杂食和食草动物中表现得非常明显。在同一取样期内,这些差异并不总是同时出现,细菌性食肉动物和具有经济重要性的植物寄生虫的反应更大。通过富集指数和结构指数以及植物寄生虫指数计算得出的食物网分析提供了一个更灵敏的指标,可以进行更有效的非同步监测。虽然使用营养群的组成似乎是一种有吸引力的解决方案,但其应用最适合量化土壤条件的短期变化,而不太适合长期的土壤健康监测。
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来源期刊
Pedobiologia
Pedobiologia 环境科学-生态学
CiteScore
4.20
自引率
8.70%
发文量
38
审稿时长
64 days
期刊介绍: Pedobiologia publishes peer reviewed articles describing original work in the field of soil ecology, which includes the study of soil organisms and their interactions with factors in their biotic and abiotic environments. Analysis of biological structures, interactions, functions, and processes in soil is fundamental for understanding the dynamical nature of terrestrial ecosystems, a prerequisite for appropriate soil management. The scope of this journal consists of fundamental and applied aspects of soil ecology; key focal points include interactions among organisms in soil, organismal controls on soil processes, causes and consequences of soil biodiversity, and aboveground-belowground interactions. We publish: original research that tests clearly defined hypotheses addressing topics of current interest in soil ecology (including studies demonstrating nonsignificant effects); descriptions of novel methodological approaches, or evaluations of current approaches, that address a clear need in soil ecology research; innovative syntheses of the soil ecology literature, including metaanalyses, topical in depth reviews and short opinion/perspective pieces, and descriptions of original conceptual frameworks; and short notes reporting novel observations of ecological significance.
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