Coffee and caffeine consumption and risk of periodontitis: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2009–2014

Medicine Advances Pub Date : 2024-03-08 DOI:10.1002/med4.50
Wan-Zhe Liao, Zhi-Yi Zhou, Xian-Nan Wu, Xiao-Feng Zhu, Song-An Li, Jun-Huang Zheng, Jia-Nuo Tan, Hao-Kai Chen, Ting-Yu Gu, Zhe Xu, Ya-Han Li, Xu-Guang Guo
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Abstract

Background

This study aimed to evaluate whether coffee consumption and caffeine intake are independently associated with periodontitis infection.

Methods

Coffee consumption was categorized into binary and continuous variables, serving as the exposure factor alongside caffeine intake, with periodontitis infection as the outcome variable. Other covariables were regarded as potential confounders. The cross-sectional study was conducted based on the national health and nutrition examination survey, with multivariate regression models, subgroup analyses, smooth fitting curves, and threshold effect examinations conducted to pursue a definite correlation between exposures and the outcome.

Results

Negative associations were discovered between binary coffee consumption (OR = 0.81, 95% CI = (0.71, 0.92), p-value = 0.001) and caffeine intake (Q3: OR = 0.77, 95% CI = (0.66, 0.91), p-value = 0.002; Q4: OR = 0.76, 95% CI = (0.64, 0.90), p-value = 0.001) with periodontitis infection, respectively, with all confounders adjusted. In subgroup analyses stratified by gender, diabetes mellitus status, and hypertension status, interaction, and threshold effects were observed, which were intuitively revealed by smooth-fitting curves.

Conclusions

Significant negative associations between binary consumption and caffeine intake and periodontitis infection separately were indicated, with no evidence suggesting a credible correlation between continuous coffee consumption and infection risk of periodontitis. The benefits of the behavior of consuming coffee and caffeine were more obvious among males and individuals who did not suffer from diabetes or hypertension.

Abstract Image

咖啡和咖啡因摄入量与牙周炎风险:2009-2014年全国健康与营养调查
本研究旨在评估咖啡饮用量和咖啡因摄入量是否与牙周炎感染独立相关。咖啡饮用量分为二元变量和连续变量,与咖啡因摄入量一起作为暴露因素,牙周炎感染作为结果变量。其他协变量被视为潜在的混杂因素。这项横断面研究以全国健康与营养状况调查为基础,通过多变量回归模型、亚组分析、平滑拟合曲线和阈值效应检验来寻求暴露因素与结果之间的明确相关性。发现二元咖啡饮用量(OR = 0.81,95% CI = (0.71,0.92),p 值 = 0.001)和咖啡因摄入量(Q3:OR = 0.77,95% CI = (0.66,0.91),p 值 = 0.002;Q4:OR = 0.76,95% CI = (0.66,0.91),p 值 = 0.002)之间存在负相关:在调整了所有混杂因素后,牙周炎感染的OR = 0.76,95% CI = (0.64,0.90),p值 = 0.001。在按性别、糖尿病状态和高血压状态分层的亚组分析中,观察到了交互作用和阈值效应,这些效应通过平滑拟合曲线直观地显示出来。二元消费和咖啡因摄入量分别与牙周炎感染之间存在显著的负相关,没有证据表明连续饮用咖啡与牙周炎感染风险之间存在可信的相关性。饮用咖啡和咖啡因的行为对男性和未患糖尿病或高血压者的益处更为明显。
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