Impacts on Crash Cushions—Analysis of the Safety Performance of Passenger Cars with Improved Safety Equipment Compared with Test Vehicles Based on Assessment Criteria as Defined in EN 1317

Abstract

To assess the safety performance of crash cushions, guidelines or standards are used. Real-life accident conditions might deviate substantially from the approval test conditions. The objective of this study is to evaluate occupant safety in passenger cars in the event of an impact against a crash cushion. Real-life accident configurations deviate significantly from the impact configurations used in the approval test EN 1317. In four different tests, two vehicles regularly used in EN 1317 and two vehicles with improved safety equipment (airbag, pretensioner, and load limiter) are used. The impact speed is 100 km/h, whereas the crash cushion is designed for an impact speed of 80 km/h. One configuration is defined as a full overlap, and one has a 50% offset. The ASI (Acceleration Severity Index), THIV/OIV (Theoretical Head Impact Velocity/Occupant Impact Velocity), and PHD/ORA (Post Head Deceleration/Occupant Ride down Acceleration) are calculated from the acceleration signals. The offset impact was more serious for both the regularly used vehicle and the vehicle with improved safety equipment. Vehicles with improved safety equipment do not have any influence on these criteria. It is apparent that new occupant safety technologies will not have any influence on occupant safety performance. The criteria currently in use are more likely to be of use for assessing vehicle performance rather than occupant safety.