Genetic variability and population divergence of Rhododendron platypodum Diels in China in the context of conservation

IF 4.6 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, BIOMATERIALS

ACS Applied Bio Materials Pub Date : 2024-03-14 DOI:10.3389/ffgc.2024.1320995

Lihui Ma, Liubin Li, Wen Fang, Zhi Dong, Yang Liu, Chaoying Wang, Yingzan Xie, Mingyang Li, Muhammad Arif, Haiyang Wang

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Abstract

Genetic diversity in endangered species is of special significance in the face of escalating global climate change and alarming biodiversity declines. Rhododendron platypodum Diels, an endangered species endemic to China, is distinguished by its restricted geographical range. This study aimed to explore genetic diversity and differentiation among its populations, gathering samples from all four distribution sites: Jinfo Mountain (JFM), Zhaoyun Mountain (ZYM), Baima Mountain (BMM), and Mao’er Mountain (MEM). We employed 18 pairs of Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) primers to ascertain the genetic diversity and structural characteristics of these samples and further utilized 19 phenotypic data points to corroborate the differentiation observed among the populations. These primers detected 52 alleles, with the average number of observed alleles (Na) being 2.89, the average number of effective alleles (Ne) being 2.12, the average observed heterozygosity (Ho) being 0.57, and the expected heterozygosity (He) being 0.50. This array of data demonstrates the efficacy of the primers in reflecting R. platypodum’s genetic diversity. SSR-based genetic analysis of the populations yielded Ho, He, and Shannon index (I) values ranging from 0.47 to 0.65, 0.36 to 0.46, and 0.53 to 0.69, respectively. Notably, the ZYM population emerged as the most genetically diverse. Further analysis, incorporating molecular variance, principal component analysis, UPGMA cluster analysis, and structure analysis, highlighted significant genetic differentiation between the Chongqing (BMM, JFM, ZYM) and Guangxi (MEM) populations. Morphological data analysis corroborated these findings. Additionally, marked genetic and morphological distinctions were evident among the three Chongqing populations (BMM, JFM, and ZYM). This suggests that, despite the observed regional differentiation, R. platypodum’s overall genetic diversity is relatively constrained compared to other species within the Rhododendron genus. Consequently, R. platypodum conservation hinges critically on preserving its genetic diversity and protecting its distinct populations.

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从保护角度看中国鸭脚木杜鹃的遗传变异和种群分化

面对不断升级的全球气候变化和令人担忧的生物多样性衰退，濒危物种的遗传多样性具有特别重要的意义。杜鹃花（Rhododendron platypodum Diels）是中国特有的濒危物种，其特点是地理分布范围有限。这项研究旨在探索杜鹃花种群的遗传多样性和分化情况，从四个分布地点采集样本：我们在金佛山（JFM）、赵云山（ZYM）、白马山（BMM）和猫儿山（MEM）四个分布地点采集了样本。我们使用了 18 对简单序列重复（SSR）引物来确定这些样本的遗传多样性和结构特征，并进一步利用 19 个表型数据点来证实所观察到的种群间的差异。这些引物检测到 52 个等位基因，平均观察到的等位基因数（Na）为 2.89，平均有效等位基因数（Ne）为 2.12，平均观察到的杂合度（Ho）为 0.57，预期杂合度（He）为 0.50。这一系列数据表明引物能有效反映 R. platypodum 的遗传多样性。基于 SSR 的种群遗传分析得出的 Ho、He 和香农指数（I）值分别为 0.47 至 0.65、0.36 至 0.46 和 0.53 至 0.69。值得注意的是，ZYM 群体的遗传多样性最高。通过分子方差分析、主成分分析、UPGMA聚类分析和结构分析等进一步分析，重庆种群（BMM、JFM、ZYM）和广西种群（MEM）之间存在显著的遗传分化。形态学数据分析证实了这些发现。此外，三个重庆种群（BMM、JFM 和 ZYM）之间也存在明显的遗传和形态差异。这表明，尽管观察到了区域分化，但与杜鹃花属中的其他物种相比，R. platypodum 的总体遗传多样性相对有限。因此，R. platypodum 的保护关键在于保存其遗传多样性和保护其独特的种群。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

ACS Applied Bio Materials Chemistry-Chemistry (all)

CiteScore

9.40

自引率

2.10%

发文量

464

期刊介绍： ACS Applied Bio Materials is an interdisciplinary journal publishing original research covering all aspects of biomaterials and biointerfaces including and beyond the traditional biosensing, biomedical and therapeutic applications. The journal is devoted to reports of new and original experimental and theoretical research of an applied nature that integrates knowledge in the areas of materials, engineering, physics, bioscience, and chemistry into important bio applications. The journal is specifically interested in work that addresses the relationship between structure and function and assesses the stability and degradation of materials under relevant environmental and biological conditions.