A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW ON MALARIA DISEASE AND ITS TREATMENTS FOCUS ON ARTEMETHER DRUG

Abstract

Malaria is one of the infectious illnesses of the highest scientific significance and importance to international health organizations. Plasmodium falciparum, the parasite responsible for a highly severe form of the disease in Africa, has traditionally received the most attention. However, in the last two decades, the Plasmodium vivax parasite, which is linked to a large number of cases in Latin America, the Middle East, South and Southeast Asia, the Horn of Africa, and Oceania, has sparked enormous interest, owing to published evidence that it can cause severe malaria, among other things. Malaria is a worldwide public health problem, with a saw 247 million cases recorded in 2021. African countries accounted for approximately 94% of all reported cases. So far, over 200 distinct varieties of protozoa have been discovered and identified, with at least 13 of them being pathogenic to humans. The malaria parasite's life cycle is a complex process involving a mosquito with the species Anopheles and a vertebrate host. Artemether is a lipid-soluble artemisinin derivative. It is available in both oral and intramuscular forms. It is also available as a fixed-dose formulation with lumefantrine. Artemether-lumefantrine is one of the ACTs authorized by the WHO and is being used by the majority of countries transitioning from less effective medications to ACTs. However, the emergence of antimalarial medication resistance poses a significant challenge to malaria control. It works by killing the pathogenic organisms responsible for malaria. It is known as an antimalarial medication, and it is more effective than quinine therapies.