Photocatalytic degradation of textile dye with titanium (IV) doped tungsten oxide nanoparticles

Shree H.K. Ranjin, Nidhi Pathak, Charu Lata Dube Dube
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Abstract

Water pollution from textile industries is a major concern with respect to the availability of clean drinking water. The removal of textile (organic) dyes through photocatalytic degradation with pure WO3 and titanium (IV) doped tungsten oxide [Ti (IV)-WO3] nanospheres were studied under visible light. The WO3 and Ti (IV)-WO3 nanospheres were synthesized via microwave-assisted method at microwave power of 160 W for the duration of 20 mins. The as synthesised WO3 and Ti (IV)-WO3 nanospheres were characterized for their structural, microstructural, and spectroscopic properties by using powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV–Visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM). The X-ray diffractograms confirmed the formation of highly pure WO3 and Ti (IV)-WO3 nanospheres. The average crystallite size of WO3 and Ti (IV)-WO3 nanospheres were calculated as 53.37 nm and 35.24 nm respectively using Debye Scherrer equation. The bandgap of Ti (IV)-WO3 was found to be decreased to 2.5 eV from 3.2 eV (WO3) respectively. It can be deduced that Ti (IV)-WO3 can be utilized as efficient visible light (λ>420 nm) driven photocatalyst as the bandgap was < 3 eV. The agglomerated spherical nanoparticles were seen for WO3 and Ti (IV)-WO3 in the HR-TEM images. The photocatalytic activity of textile dye was analyzed by UV-Vis spectrophotometer under visible light. The photocatalytic organic dye degradation was investigated. The enhanced photocatalytic activity of titanium (IV) doped tungsten oxide (10 wt%) was observed to be ~100% in 100 mins. This makes titanium (IV) doped tungsten oxide nanospheres, a potential nanomaterial for water purification.
掺杂钛 (IV) 的纳米氧化钨光催化降解纺织染料
纺织工业造成的水污染是人们对能否获得清洁饮用水的一大担忧。研究了纯 WO3 和掺杂钛(IV)的氧化钨 [Ti (IV)-WO3] 纳米球在可见光下通过光催化降解去除纺织品(有机)染料的情况。WO3 和 Ti (IV)-WO3 纳米球是通过微波辅助法合成的,微波功率为 160 W,持续时间为 20 分钟。利用粉末 X 射线衍射 (XRD)、紫外-可见 (UV-Vis) 光谱、傅立叶变换红外光谱 (FTIR)、扫描电子显微镜 (SEM) 和高分辨率透射电子显微镜 (HR-TEM) 对合成的 WO3 和 Ti (IV) -WO3 纳米球的结构、微观结构和光谱特性进行了表征。X 射线衍射图证实了高纯度 WO3 和 Ti (IV)-WO3 纳米球的形成。利用 Debye Scherrer 方程计算出 WO3 和 Ti (IV)-WO3 纳米球的平均结晶尺寸分别为 53.37 nm 和 35.24 nm。发现 Ti (IV)-WO3 的带隙分别从 3.2 eV(WO3)降至 2.5 eV。由此推断,由于带隙小于 3 eV,Ti (IV)-WO3 可用作高效的可见光(λ>420 nm)驱动光催化剂。在 HR-TEM 图像中,WO3 和 Ti (IV)-WO3 的纳米颗粒呈团聚球形。在可见光下,用紫外可见分光光度计分析了纺织染料的光催化活性。研究了有机染料的光催化降解。在 100 分钟内,观察到掺杂钛(IV)的氧化钨(10 wt%)的光催化活性增强了约 100%。这使得掺杂钛 (IV) 的氧化钨纳米球成为一种潜在的水净化纳米材料。
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