Antibacterial Potential of Bio-Synthesized Gold Nanoparticles Against MDR Bacteria

Abstract

The treatment of bacterial and viral infections with antibiotics is a route which is rapidly becoming more and more difficult to achieve. The start of the twentieth century was infectious disease as the leading cause for mortality worldwide. These diseases were treatable, for a time, with antibiotic development and the research coming to the fore in medical focus at this time. However, As the usage of antibiotics expanded and they were incorporated into other areas of human work, bacterium strains resistant to antibiotics started to appear. The genes that code for antibiotic resistance are not readily lost once they have developed in a bacterial population, in addition to the ongoing growth of resistance. These genes join the bacterial genome and become a stable part of it after integration. Treatment that can successfully address this multi-drug resistant condition gets more difficult to provide as new resistance mechanisms emerge. Antibiotic resistance can occur through a many of ways, such as the release of large amounts of antibiotics into the environment during waste water treatment, pharmaceutical manufacturing, and the presence of antibacterial agents in soaps and other products. Exposure to air exhaled from animal housing or discharged during animal transportation; ingesting contaminated water; and coming into contact with diseased farm workers or meat processors. These scenarios raise an important issue; that there is a great need for an enhancement of existing technology and techniques in the field of drug development, as well as the pressing requirement for development of new and innovative treatment methods for infectious diseases. A long-term material to these resistance problems that can and will be used as a foundation for further medical research in these fields has to be the goal of the research priorities. The answer to this problem may lie in the relatively discovery of antimicrobial nanomaterials, technology against which the pathogens cannot able to develop a resistance mechanism. The nanomaterials themselves would act as precisely engineered plat forms from which drugs may be delivered to target physiological sites.