In Situ XPS Analysis of Tribo-chemical Behavior in Titanium Alloy Exposed to Fretting Wear Under the Vacuum Environments

IF 2.9 3区 工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL
Jianjun Long, Xuejiao Wei, Yiting Dong, Xixi Cheng, Hao Li, Xiaojun Xu, Minhao Zhu
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Abstract

A systematic experimental investigation concerning the fretting-induced tribo-chemical state and its effect on the fretting wear behavior of titanium alloys under the vacuum atmospheres (4 × 10–3 Pa and 4 × 10–1 Pa) in different fretting regimes is reported. An in situ XPS analysis tester was developed to capture the real tribo-chemical state of worn surface for all test conditions. Results show that samples subjected to different vacuum atmospheres have varied tribo-chemical states depending on the fretting regime, which play significantly different roles in determining the associated damage mechanisms and the resulting fretting wear resistance. Under both vacuum atmospheres, in the partial slip regime (PSR) the worn scars were mainly covered by TiO2, showing comparable levels of very slight damage, while in the mixed fretting regime (MFR), the tribo-layer is still mainly consisted of TiO2, but with an evident peak of Ti metal for the high vacuum degree (4 × 10–3 Pa) in MFR, showing a mild damage. In contrast, in the gross slip regime (GSR), Ti metal was prone to be oxidized to Ti2O3 and TiO on the worn scar, especially for the low vacuum degree (4 × 10–1 Pa) having a highest content of Ti2O3. It might be inferred that the tribo-layer containing more Ti2O3 formed during fretting wear process is susceptible to be broken, hence showing a highest fretting wear volume in GSR for the low vacuum degree. The results suggest that for the vacuum environments, the Ti6Al4V may be more suitable to be used under the high vacuum atmosphere.

Abstract Image

原位 XPS 分析真空环境下遭受摩擦磨损的钛合金中的三化学特性
报告了在真空气氛(4 × 10-3 Pa 和 4 × 10-1 Pa)下,在不同摩擦状态下,摩擦引起的三化学状态及其对钛合金摩擦磨损行为的影响的系统实验研究。开发了一种原位 XPS 分析测试仪,以捕捉所有测试条件下磨损表面的真实三化学状态。结果表明,在不同的真空环境下,样品的三化学状态会因不同的摩擦状态而不同,这在决定相关的损伤机制和由此产生的抗摩擦磨损性方面起着显著不同的作用。在两种真空环境下,在部分滑移机制(PSR)下,磨损疤痕主要由 TiO2 覆盖,显示出相当程度的轻微损伤;而在混合烧蚀机制(MFR)下,三相层仍主要由 TiO2 组成,但在 MFR 的高真空度(4 × 10-3 Pa)下,Ti 金属出现明显峰值,显示出轻微损伤。相反,在粗滑机制(GSR)下,金属钛很容易在磨损痕上氧化成 Ti2O3 和 TiO,尤其是在低真空度(4 × 10-1 Pa)下,Ti2O3 的含量最高。由此可以推断,在摩擦磨损过程中形成的含有较多 Ti2O3 的三聚层很容易被破坏,因此低真空度下 GSR 的摩擦磨损量最大。结果表明,在真空环境中,Ti6Al4V 可能更适合在高真空气氛下使用。
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来源期刊
Tribology Letters
Tribology Letters 工程技术-工程:化工
CiteScore
5.30
自引率
9.40%
发文量
116
审稿时长
2.5 months
期刊介绍: Tribology Letters is devoted to the development of the science of tribology and its applications, particularly focusing on publishing high-quality papers at the forefront of tribological science and that address the fundamentals of friction, lubrication, wear, or adhesion. The journal facilitates communication and exchange of seminal ideas among thousands of practitioners who are engaged worldwide in the pursuit of tribology-based science and technology.
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