Differences in neonatal outcomes between normal and preeclampsia complicated pregnancies

Abstract

This study aims to explore potential variations in neonatal outcomes between pregnancies without complications and those complicated by preeclampsia within a tertiary gynecology and obstetrics center in Serbia. By focusing on neonatal outcomes, the research seeks to provide a nuanced understanding of how preeclampsia may impact the health and well-being of newborns in this specific medical setting. The investigation will shed light on any distinctive patterns or disparities in outcomes, contributing valuable insights to the broader understanding of maternal and neonatal health within the context of preeclampsia in the Serbian healthcare system.

Material and Method

This case-control study included 50 preeclampsia patients and 50 healthy normotensive pregnant women followed up in the Clinic for Gynecology and Obstetrics, Clinical Center of Serbia. Neonatal outcomes in both groups were monitored until discharge from the hospital. Appropriate statistical tests were applied for experimental and clinical data analysis.

Results

Cesarean Section was significantly more frequent in preeclampsia than in the normal pregnancy group. The mean gestational age of birth and Apgar scores were significantly lower in newborns of preeclamptic mothers than in healthy control (p < 0.001). Hospitalization was longer after preeclampsia-complicated pregnancies than uncomplicated controls. Admission to the neonatal intensive care unit, along with perinatal complications such as perinatal asphyxia, respiratory distress syndrome, neonatal convulsions, intracranial hemorrhage, jaundice, anemia, and infection, were significantly more common in the preeclampsia group than in the controls (p < 0.001). In the whole study group, only one newborn from a pregnancy complicated with early and severe preeclampsia had a lethal outcome.

Discussion and Conclusions

The incidence of Cesarean sections exhibited a noteworthy increase in pregnancies complicated by preeclampsia, contrasting with a reduction in both gestational age and Apgar Scores when compared to the group with normal pregnancies. This investigation underscores a significant elevation in overall morbidity rates among newborns born to mothers grappling with preeclampsia in comparison to those born from uncomplicated pregnancies. The findings emphasize the multifaceted impact of preeclampsia on perinatal outcomes, underscoring the importance of comprehensive care strategies to address the unique challenges posed by this complication during pregnancy.