Water dispersible clay and micro-structure of soils from coastal plain sands, shale and false-bedded sandstones

Abstract

Information regarding water-dispersible clays in soils of contrasting textures is needed to evaluate soil qualities that influence susceptibility of soils to slaking in water. Water-dispersible clays (WDCs), plastic limits, and basic properties of soils on Coastal Plain Sands (CPS), Shale (Shale), and False-Bedded Sandstones in southern Nigeria were quantified for use in evaluating management options of some tropical soils. Results revealed that WDCs, micro-aggregate indices, and plastic limits differed significantly amongst the parent materials. At 0–15 cm depth, clay content was 29.7%, 11.2 and 3.8%, for Shale, CPS and False-Bedded sandstones, respectively, indicating significant high clay content in Shale. The highest SOC of 29.8 g kg⁻¹., and very slow saturated hydraulic conductivity (K_sat) of 6.33 cm h⁻¹ were found in Shale. False-Bedded Sandstone had the lowest SOC content of 7.7 g kg⁻¹ and highest K_sat value of 31.10 cm h⁻¹ at 0–15 cm topsoil. Micro-aggregate stability indices measured by aggregated silt+clay (ASC) and clay flocculating index (CFI) were significant in CPS at 0–15 cm, whereas water-dispersible clay (WDC) was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in Shale at 8.32%, compared to very low value of 0.76% in False-Bedded Sandstone. Plastic limit (PL) of 16.5%, was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in Shale, indicating its high sensitivity to mechanical deformation when wet. There was a significant positive correlation between clay content and WDC (r = 0.815, p < 0.01), indicating the positive influence of clay content on WDCs and micro-structural indices, and the tendencies for quick degeneration of the soils.