Micromorphology and thematic micro-mapping reveal differences in the soil structuring traits of three arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

IF 2 3区 农林科学 Q3 ECOLOGY
Arturo Jiménez-Martínez , Ma. del Carmen Gutiérrez-Castorena , Noé Manuel Montaño , Edgar Vladimir Gutiérrez-Castorena , Alejandro Alarcón , Mayra E. Gavito
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi contribute to soil structure, but little is known about the effect of individual fungal species on soil aggregation. In this study, the influence of 3 AM fungi species on soil aggregation in a Vitric Andosol was determined using physical, micromorphological, and imaging analyses. We used a pipe of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) with a six-way connector, which was filled with soil plus AM fungal inoculum (Funneliformis mosseae, Rhizophagus intraradices, Gigaspora gigantea or non-inoculated -control-). Then lateral pipe connectors (experimental units) were covered with mesh systems (0.5, 0.25, and 0.034 mm), and PVC tubes filled with sterile soil were connected laterally using a clamp. The greenhouse experiment consisted of four treatments each with 32 experimental units. Four experimental units of each treatment were separated and collected at different times during the year: three were used to determine water-stable aggregates (disturbed soils), and one was preserved (undisturbed soil) to elaborate soil thin sections. Thematic micro-maps were constructed with image mosaics from a whole soil thin section, and micromorphological analyses were conducted using spatial operators. Our results showed that AM fungi affect soil aggregation forming micro-aggregates and macro-aggregates of different sizes. The most significant effects were observed with F. mosseae > R. intraradices > Gi. gigantea > control. Aggregation hierarchy was observed in micromorphological analysis, where F. mosseae and R. intraradices start binding organo-mineral particles and microaggregates to form macroaggregates, modifying soil structure from intergrain (apedal= without peds) to crumb aggregates (pedal= with peds). Gigaspora gigantea only promoted macroaggregation, by associating with pumice particles. The two AM fungi from Glomeraceae possess similar morphology compared to that isolate belonging to Gigasporaceae, which explain in part, their differential contribution traits on soil aggregation, as highlighted by using together physical and micromorphological analyses of soil thin sections based on high-resolution image mosaics.

微形态学和专题微绘图揭示了三种丛枝菌根真菌土壤结构特征的差异
丛枝菌根(AM)真菌有助于改善土壤结构,但人们对单个真菌种类对土壤团聚的影响知之甚少。本研究通过物理、微观形态和成像分析,确定了 3 种 AM 真菌对 Vitric Andosol 中土壤团聚的影响。我们使用了一个带有六通接头的聚氯乙烯(PVC)管道,管道中装满了土壤和 AM 真菌接种体(Funneliformis mosseae、Rhizophagus intraradices、Gigaspora gigantea 或未接种的对照)。然后在横向管道连接器(实验单元)上覆盖网状系统(0.5、0.25 和 0.034 毫米),并用夹子将装满无菌土壤的 PVC 管横向连接起来。温室实验包括四个处理,每个处理有 32 个实验单元。每个处理的四个实验单元在一年中的不同时间被分离和采集:三个用于测定水稳聚集体(扰动土壤),一个被保存(未扰动土壤)以制作土壤薄片。利用整个土壤薄片的图像镶嵌构建了专题微地图,并使用空间运算符进行了微形态分析。我们的研究结果表明,AM 真菌会影响土壤聚集,形成不同大小的微聚集体和大聚集体。F. mosseae > R. intraradices > Gi. gigantea > 对照组的影响最为明显。在微观形态分析中观察到了聚集层次,其中 F. mosseae 和 R. intraradices 开始结合有机矿物质颗粒和微聚集体,形成大聚集体,改变土壤结构,从粒间(apedal=无脚)到碎屑聚集体(pedal=有脚)。Gigaspora gigantea 只通过与浮石颗粒结合来促进大团聚。通过对基于高分辨率图像镶嵌技术的土壤薄片进行物理和微观形态分析,可以发现这两种球囊真菌的形态与巨孢子菌的形态相似,这在一定程度上解释了它们对土壤团聚的不同贡献特征。
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来源期刊
Pedobiologia
Pedobiologia 环境科学-生态学
CiteScore
4.20
自引率
8.70%
发文量
38
审稿时长
64 days
期刊介绍: Pedobiologia publishes peer reviewed articles describing original work in the field of soil ecology, which includes the study of soil organisms and their interactions with factors in their biotic and abiotic environments. Analysis of biological structures, interactions, functions, and processes in soil is fundamental for understanding the dynamical nature of terrestrial ecosystems, a prerequisite for appropriate soil management. The scope of this journal consists of fundamental and applied aspects of soil ecology; key focal points include interactions among organisms in soil, organismal controls on soil processes, causes and consequences of soil biodiversity, and aboveground-belowground interactions. We publish: original research that tests clearly defined hypotheses addressing topics of current interest in soil ecology (including studies demonstrating nonsignificant effects); descriptions of novel methodological approaches, or evaluations of current approaches, that address a clear need in soil ecology research; innovative syntheses of the soil ecology literature, including metaanalyses, topical in depth reviews and short opinion/perspective pieces, and descriptions of original conceptual frameworks; and short notes reporting novel observations of ecological significance.
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