Nanotechnology in agriculture: A solution to global food insecurity in a changing climate?

IF 4.7 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
Shital Vaidya, Chaoyi Deng, Yi Wang, Nubia Zuverza-Mena, Christian Dimkpa, Jason C. White
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Abstract

Although the Green Revolution dramatically increased food production, it led to non- sustainable conventional agricultural practices, with productivity in general declining over the last few decades. Maintaining food security with a world population exceeding 9 billion in 2050, a changing climate, and declining arable land will be exceptionally challenging. In fact, nothing short of a revolution in how we grow, distribute, store, and consume food is needed. In the last ten years, the field of nanotoxicology in plant systems has largely transitioned to one of sustainable nano-enabled applications, with recent discoveries on the use of this advanced technology in agriculture showing tremendous promise. The range of applications is quite extensive, including direct application of nanoscale nutrients for improved plant health, nutrient biofortification, increased photosynthetic output, and greater rates of nitrogen fixation. Other applications include nano-facilitated delivery of both fertilizers and pesticides; nano-enabled delivery of genetic material for gene silencing against viral pathogens and insect pests; and nanoscale sensors to support precision agriculture. Recent efforts have demonstrated that nanoscale strategies increase tolerance to both abiotic and biotic stressors, offering realistic potential to generate climate resilient crops. Considering the efficiency of nanoscale materials, there is a need to make their production more economical, alongside efficient use of incumbent resources such as water and energy. The hallmark of many of these approaches involves much greater impact with far less input of material. However, demonstrations of efficacy at field scale are still insufficient in the literature, and a thorough understanding of mechanisms of action is both necessary and often not evident. Although nanotechnology holds great promise for combating global food insecurity, there are far more ways to do this poorly than safely and effectively. This review summarizes recent work in this space, calling out existing knowledge gaps and suggesting strategies to alleviate those concerns to advance the field of sustainable nano-enabled agriculture.

农业纳米技术:在不断变化的气候中解决全球粮食不安全问题?
尽管绿色革命极大地提高了粮食产量,但它导致了非可持续的传统农业做法,在过去几十年里,生产率普遍下降。到 2050 年,世界人口将超过 90 亿,气候将不断变化,耕地面积将不断减少,在这种情况下维持粮食安全将面临巨大挑战。事实上,我们需要对粮食的种植、分配、储存和消费方式进行一场革命。在过去的十年中,植物系统中的纳米毒理学领域已在很大程度上过渡到可持续的纳米应用领域,最近在农业中使用这种先进技术的发现显示了巨大的前景。应用范围相当广泛,包括直接应用纳米级养分改善植物健康、养分生物强化、增加光合输出和提高固氮率。其他应用包括:纳米化肥料和农药的输送;纳米化遗传物质的输送,以基因沉默对抗病毒病原体和害虫;以及纳米传感器支持精准农业。最近的研究表明,纳米级战略提高了对非生物和生物压力的耐受性,为生产气候适应性强的作物提供了现实潜力。考虑到纳米级材料的效率,有必要在有效利用水和能源等现有资源的同时,使其生产更加经济。许多此类方法的特点是以更少的材料投入产生更大的影响。然而,在文献中,实地规模的功效展示仍然不足,对作用机制的透彻了解既有必要,也往往不明显。尽管纳米技术在解决全球粮食不安全问题方面大有可为,但其效果不佳的方法远多于安全有效的方法。本综述总结了这一领域的最新工作,指出了现有的知识差距,并提出了缓解这些问题的策略,以推动可持续纳米农业领域的发展。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
NanoImpact
NanoImpact Social Sciences-Safety Research
CiteScore
11.00
自引率
6.10%
发文量
69
审稿时长
23 days
期刊介绍: NanoImpact is a multidisciplinary journal that focuses on nanosafety research and areas related to the impacts of manufactured nanomaterials on human and environmental systems and the behavior of nanomaterials in these systems.
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