Podcast on How to Classify Foot Ulcers in People with Diabetes (2023 Update of the IWGDF Guidelines on Classification).

Abstract

Introduction: In this podcast, we present the result of the 2023 scheduled update of the 2019 guidelines of the International Working Group of the Diabetic Foot (IWGDF) addressing the use of systems to classify foot ulcers in people with diabetes in routine clinical practice.

Methods: These guidelines were based on a systematic review of the available literature that identified 28 classifications addressed in 149 articles and, subsequently, expert opinion using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations (GRADE) methodology. We first assessed the value of each system independently and, in the second stage, chose the best one or two to be used in each clinical scenario.

Results: We recommend (1) for communication among healthcare professionals to use the Site, Ischaemia, Neuropathy, Bacterial infection, Area, Depth (SINBAD) classification (first option) or consider using Wound, Ischaemia, foot Infection (WIfI) system (alternative option, when the required equipment and level of expertise are available and it is considered feasible) and in each case the individual variables that compose the systems should be described rather than a total score; (2) for predicting the outcome of an ulcer in a specific individual: no existing system could be recommended; (3) for characterising a person with an infected ulcer: the use of the IDSA (Infection Diseases Society of America)/IWGDF (first option) classification or consider using the WIfI system (alternative option, when the required equipment and level of expertise are available and it is considered as feasible); (4) for characterising a person with peripheral artery disease: consider using the WIfI system as a means to stratify healing likelihood and amputation risk; (5) for the audit of outcome(s) of populations: the use of the SINBAD score.

Conclusion: Although there is no classification that fits all purposes, it is crucial that healthcare professionals standardize the way they characterise diabetes-related foot ulcers and guide their decision-making process by using validated classification systems.