The influence of COVID-19 pandemic on deposited dose of outdoor particulate matter in human respiratory tract: A case study from Krakow, Southern Poland

IF 2.9 4区环境科学与生态学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Air Quality Atmosphere and Health Pub Date : 2024-03-19 DOI:10.1007/s11869-024-01549-8

Lucyna Samek, Jakub Bartyzel, Vania Martins, Michail Lazaridis, Mirosław Zimnoch, Anna Ryś, Susana Marta Almeida

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

PM₁₀ concentrations in Krakow have decreased by about 50% during the last decade, however, high levels of air pollution are still observed in this Polish city especially during wintertime. Poland’s first official COVID-19 case was detected in March 2020, and subsequently the first restrictions to reduce transmission were implemented. The aim of this study was to assess the influence of the COVID-19 lockdown on the mass concentrations of Airborne Particulate Matter (APM) as well as on the deposited dose of particles in Human Respiratory Tract (HRT). For that the hourly particle number and mass concentrations of 10 size fractions of APM were assessed in 2019 (before pandemic) and 2022 (during pandemic) and the deposited dose of particles in the HRT was determined through the dosimetry model ExDoM2. Results showed that the concentrations of PM_2.5 and PM_2.5−10 did not alter significantly in the two periods and that the daily PM dose in the HRT did not decrease during the lockdown. These results provided important information for policy design in the environment, energy, transport, industry and health sectors once they indicated that the main source of APM in the city was associated with residential combustion and therefore it is essential to continue the investment in cleaner energy in the residential sector.

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COVID-19 大流行对人体呼吸道室外颗粒物沉积剂量的影响：波兰南部克拉科夫的案例研究

在过去十年中，克拉科夫的 PM10 浓度下降了约 50%，但在这座波兰城市，尤其是在冬季，仍然可以观察到高浓度的空气污染。2020 年 3 月，波兰发现了第一例 COVID-19 正式病例，随后实施了第一批减少传播的限制措施。本研究旨在评估 COVID-19 封锁对空气中颗粒物（APM）质量浓度以及颗粒物在人体呼吸道（HRT）中沉积剂量的影响。为此，对 2019 年（大流行前）和 2022 年（大流行期间）每小时 10 种粒径的空气颗粒物的数量和质量浓度进行了评估，并通过剂量测定模型 ExDoM2 确定了颗粒物在人体呼吸道中的沉积剂量。结果表明，PM2.5和PM2.5-10的浓度在这两个时期没有明显变化，而在封锁期间，HRT中的每日可吸入颗粒物剂量也没有减少。这些结果为环境、能源、交通、工业和卫生部门的政策设计提供了重要信息，因为这些结果表明，城市中 PM2.5 和 PM2.5-10 的主要来源与住宅燃烧有关，因此必须继续在住宅部门投资清洁能源。

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来源期刊

Air Quality Atmosphere and Health ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES-

CiteScore

8.80

自引率

2.00%

发文量

146

审稿时长

>12 weeks

期刊介绍： Air Quality, Atmosphere, and Health is a multidisciplinary journal which, by its very name, illustrates the broad range of work it publishes and which focuses on atmospheric consequences of human activities and their implications for human and ecological health. It offers research papers, critical literature reviews and commentaries, as well as special issues devoted to topical subjects or themes. International in scope, the journal presents papers that inform and stimulate a global readership, as the topic addressed are global in their import. Consequently, we do not encourage submission of papers involving local data that relate to local problems. Unless they demonstrate wide applicability, these are better submitted to national or regional journals. Air Quality, Atmosphere & Health addresses such topics as acid precipitation; airborne particulate matter; air quality monitoring and management; exposure assessment; risk assessment; indoor air quality; atmospheric chemistry; atmospheric modeling and prediction; air pollution climatology; climate change and air quality; air pollution measurement; atmospheric impact assessment; forest-fire emissions; atmospheric science; greenhouse gases; health and ecological effects; clean air technology; regional and global change and satellite measurements. This journal benefits a diverse audience of researchers, public health officials and policy makers addressing problems that call for solutions based in evidence from atmospheric and exposure assessment scientists, epidemiologists, and risk assessors. Publication in the journal affords the opportunity to reach beyond defined disciplinary niches to this broader readership.