Environmental risk assessment of the use of zinc oxide medicated feeds for weaning piglets in the UK

IF 3.5 Q3 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL
Adam Peters, Graham Merrington, Ken Stapleton and Stephen Lofts
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Abstract

Concerns over environmental impacts resulting from the use of zinc oxide containing medicines for weaning piglets led to the withdrawal of the authorisations for these products in the EU. In order to better understand these issues more detailed assessments were conducted for the UK, taking account of the fate of zinc in the environment and its bioavailability to ecological receptors. Four regional scenarios covered the main pig farming areas in the UK and the emission scenario was based on current agricultural practices in the UK. The fate and transport of zinc in the environment was modelled using the Intermediate Dynamic Model for Metals, and the toxicity of zinc in the environment was assessed based on current UK regulatory practices. The model takes account of historic additions of metals to the soils to calculate current and future metal levels in the environment. Whilst three of the four regional scenarios predicted a marginal risk, or no risk, to soils after 50 years of use one of the scenarios indicated a risk to surface waters prior to the use of zinc oxide medicated treatments for weaning piglets, and risks to local soils within 10 years of use. Further site-specific assessments were conducted for this region and one of the other regions, based on site specific emission scenarios, soil and surface waters characteristics. These two site-specific assessments revealed that the modelling results were accurate or conservative depending on the assumptions made about historic inputs of metals to agricultural soils from manure spreading, and that the regional scenario that resulted in significant predicted risks to surface waters did not reflect the actual conditions at the local pig farming sites considered. Comparisons between measured concentrations of copper and zinc at pig farming sites suggest that historic agricultural inputs have been an important source of these metals to agricultural soils at some sites. The limited data available for validation suggest that the IDMM is able to provide accurate predictions of metal levels in both soils and surface waters, but that there is significant uncertainty associated with historic inputs of metals to the soils.

Abstract Image

英国断奶仔猪使用氧化锌药物饲料的环境风险评估
由于担心对断奶仔猪使用含氧化锌的药物会对环境造成影响,欧盟撤销了对这些产品的授权。为了更好地了解这些问题,考虑到锌在环境中的归宿及其对生态受体的生物利用率,对英国进行了更详细的评估。四个区域方案涵盖了英国的主要养猪区域,排放方案则以英国当前的农业实践为基础。锌在环境中的归宿和迁移是使用金属中间动态模型进行模拟的,锌在环境中的毒性是根据英国当前的监管实践进行评估的。该模型考虑了历史上向土壤中添加金属的情况,以计算当前和未来环境中的金属含量。在四个区域方案中,有三个方案预测使用 50 年后对土壤的风险很小或没有风险,但有一个方案表明,在对断奶仔猪使用氧化锌药物治疗前,地表水会有风险,使用 10 年后当地土壤会有风险。根据特定地点的排放情景、土壤和地表水特征,对该地区和其他地区之一进行了进一步的特定地点评估。这两项针对具体地点的评估显示,建模结果是准确还是保守,取决于对历史上粪便撒播对农业土壤的金属输入所做的假设,而导致地表水面临重大风险预测的区域情景并不能反映当地养猪场的实际情况。对养猪场铜和锌的测量浓度进行比较表明,历史上的农业投入是某些养猪场农业土壤中这些金属的重要来源。可用于验证的有限数据表明,IDMM 能够准确预测土壤和地表水中的金属含量,但与历史上对土壤的金属输入有关的不确定性很大。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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CiteScore
1.90
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