How Important Is Variation in Extrinsic Reproductive Isolation to the Process of Speciation?

IF 6.9 2区 生物学 Q1 CELL BIOLOGY
Linyi Zhang, Etsuko Nonaka, Megan Higgie, Scott Egan
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Abstract

The strength of reproductive isolation (RI) between two or more lineages during the process of speciation can vary by the ecological conditions. However, most speciation research has been limited to studying how ecologically dependent RI varies among a handful of broadly categorized environments. Very few studies consider the variability of RI and its effects on speciation at finer scales—that is, within each environment due to spatial or temporal environmental heterogeneity. Such variation in RI across time and/or space may inhibit speciation through leaky reproductive barriers or promote speciation by facilitating reinforcement. To investigate this overlooked aspect of speciation research, we conducted a literature review of existing studies of variation in RI in the field and then conducted individual-based simulations to examine how variation in hybrid fitness across time and space affects the degree of gene flow. Our simulations indicate that the presence of variation in hybrid fitness across space and time often leads to an increase in gene flow compared to scenarios where hybrid fitness remains static. This observation can be attributed to the convex relationship between the degree of gene flow and the strength of selection on hybrids. Our simulations also show that the effect of variation in RI on facilitating gene flow is most pronounced when RI, on average, is relatively low. This finding suggests that it could serve as an important mechanism to explain why the completion of speciation is often challenging. While direct empirical evidence documenting variation in extrinsic RI is limited, we contend that it is a prevalent yet underexplored phenomenon. We support this argument by proposing common scenarios in which RI is likely to exhibit variability and thus influence the process of speciation.
外在生殖隔离的变异对物种演化过程有多重要?
在物种演化过程中,两个或多个品系之间的生殖隔离(RI)强度会因生态条件而异。然而,大多数物种演化研究都局限于研究生态依赖性 RI 在少数几个大类环境中的变化情况。很少有研究在更细的尺度上考虑 RI 的变化及其对物种演化的影响,也就是说,在每个环境中,由于空间或时间上的环境异质性,RI 的变化及其对物种演化的影响。RI在时间和/或空间上的这种变化可能会通过繁殖障碍的泄漏抑制物种的演化,也可能会通过强化促进物种的演化。为了探究物种演化研究中这一被忽视的方面,我们对现有的野外 RI 变异研究进行了文献综述,然后进行了基于个体的模拟,以研究不同时间和空间的杂交适应性差异如何影响基因流动的程度。我们的模拟结果表明,与杂种优势保持不变的情况相比,杂种优势在不同时空的变化往往会导致基因流的增加。这一现象可归因于基因流动程度与杂交种选择强度之间的凸性关系。我们的模拟还表明,当 RI 平均值相对较低时,RI 的变化对促进基因流动的影响最为明显。这一发现表明,它可以作为一种重要机制来解释为什么完成物种分化往往具有挑战性。虽然记录外在 RI 变异的直接经验证据有限,但我们认为这是一个普遍存在但尚未得到充分探索的现象。为了支持这一论点,我们提出了一些常见的情景,在这些情景中,RI 有可能表现出变异性,从而影响物种的演化过程。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
15.00
自引率
1.40%
发文量
56
审稿时长
3-8 weeks
期刊介绍: Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology offers a comprehensive platform in the molecular life sciences, featuring reviews that span molecular, cell, and developmental biology, genetics, neuroscience, immunology, cancer biology, and molecular pathology. This online publication provides in-depth insights into various topics, making it a valuable resource for those engaged in diverse aspects of biological research.
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