Psychedelic Therapy as Form of Life

IF 2.6 4区 哲学 Q1 ETHICS
Nicolas Langlitz, Alex K. Gearin
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Abstract

In the historical context of a crisis in biological psychiatry, psychedelic drugs paired with psychotherapy are globally re-emerging in research clinics as a potential transdiagnostic therapy for treating mood disorders, addictions, and other forms of psychological distress. The treatments are poised to soon shift from clinical trials to widespread service delivery in places like Australia, North America, and Europe, which has prompted ethical questions by social scientists and bioethicists. Taking a broader view, we argue that the ethics of psychedelic therapy concerns not simply how psychotherapies are different when paired with psychedelic drugs, but how psychedelic therapies shape and are shaped by different values, norms, and metaphysical commitments. Drawing from the published literature and interviews with seven psychedelic therapists working in clinical trials in the United States, Germany, Switzerland, and Australia, this article opens the black box of the treatments to consider the values and informal debates currently animating the therapies. Considering questions of patient autonomy, mechanisms of therapeutic action, and which therapies are best suited to pair with psychedelic substances, we examine the ethics of psychedelic therapy as an emergent form of life. To bring this form of life out in fuller relief, we conclude by comparing and contrasting it with ayahuasca use in Amazonian shamanism.

作为生命形式的迷幻疗法
在生物精神病学出现危机的历史背景下,迷幻药与心理疗法的搭配正在全球范围内重新出现在研究诊所中,成为治疗情绪障碍、成瘾和其他形式心理困扰的一种潜在的跨诊断疗法。在澳大利亚、北美和欧洲等地,这种疗法即将从临床试验转向广泛的服务提供,这引发了社会科学家和生物伦理学家的伦理质疑。从更广阔的视角来看,我们认为,迷幻疗法的伦理问题不仅涉及心理疗法与迷幻药物搭配后有何不同,还涉及迷幻疗法如何塑造不同的价值观、规范和形而上学承诺,以及这些价值观、规范和形而上学承诺如何塑造了迷幻疗法。本文根据已发表的文献以及对在美国、德国、瑞士和澳大利亚从事临床试验的七位迷幻治疗师的访谈,打开了治疗方法的黑匣子,对目前推动治疗方法的价值观和非正式辩论进行了思考。考虑到患者自主权、治疗作用机制以及哪种疗法最适合与迷幻剂搭配等问题,我们将迷幻疗法的伦理视为一种新兴的生命形式。最后,我们将迷幻疗法与亚马逊萨满教中使用的死藤水进行对比,以更全面地展现这种生命形式。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Neuroethics
Neuroethics MEDICAL ETHICS-
CiteScore
5.50
自引率
7.10%
发文量
31
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: Neuroethics is an international, peer-reviewed journal dedicated to academic articles on the ethical, legal, political, social and philosophical questions provoked by research in the contemporary sciences of the mind and brain; especially, but not only, neuroscience, psychiatry and psychology. The journal publishes articles on questions raised by the sciences of the brain and mind, and on the ways in which the sciences of the brain and mind illuminate longstanding debates in ethics and philosophy.
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