Vulnerability to Sea-Level Rise Varies Among Estuaries and Habitat Types: Lessons Learned from a Network of Surface Elevation Tables in Puget Sound

IF 4.6 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, BIOMATERIALS
Melanie J. Davis, Katrina L. Poppe, John M. Rybczyk, Eric E. Grossman, Isa Woo, Joshua W. Chamberlin, Michelle Totman, W. Todd Zackey, Frank Leonetti, Suzanne Shull, Susan E. W. De La Cruz
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Abstract

Estuarine systems that provide valuable ecosystem services to society and important foraging and rearing habitat for fish and wildlife species continue to undergo degradation. In Puget Sound, WA, as much as 70–80% of historic estuarine habitat has been lost to anthropogenic development, and continued losses are expected through the end of the twenty-first century due to rising sea levels. To evaluate whether Puget Sound’s estuarine habitats will keep pace with current and projected sea-level rise (SLR), we assessed vertical rates of elevation change from a regional network of surface elevation tables and marker horizons (SET-MH). Over the past two decades, SET-MH equipment has been installed throughout a variety of habitats in five Puget Sound estuaries: the Nisqually, Snohomish, Stillaguamish, and Skagit River estuaries, and Padilla Bay. These data provide a unique opportunity to assess elevation change and habitat resilience across a spatiotemporal and environmental gradient. We observed different rates of surface elevation change among estuaries and habitats (Nisqually = 4.64 ± 2.81 mm/year, Snohomish = 5.71 ± 5.83 mm/year, Stillaguamish = 12.82 ± 10.29 mm/year, Skagit = 16.13 ± 7.57 mm/year, Padilla = − 1.25 ± 1.58 mm/year). The highest rates were found at restoring sites with regular sediment input in the Stillaguamish and Skagit estuaries, whereas rates were consistently negative at low elevation sites in sediment starved Padilla Bay. Many sites in Puget Sound appear to be keeping pace with current rates of relative SLR, and some areas are on track to exceed projected rates through the end of the century. These findings indicate that Puget Sound’s estuarine habitats can be resilient to rising tidal levels—as long as sediment delivery is maintained.

Abstract Image

不同河口和栖息地类型对海平面上升的脆弱性各不相同:从普吉特海湾地表高程表网络中汲取的经验教训
河口系统为社会提供了宝贵的生态系统服务,也为鱼类和野生动物提供了重要的觅食和饲养栖息地,但该系统仍在不断退化。在华盛顿州普吉特海湾,由于人为开发,多达 70-80% 的历史河口栖息地已经消失,预计到 21 世纪末,由于海平面上升,这些栖息地还会继续消失。为了评估普吉特海湾的河口栖息地是否能跟上当前和预计的海平面上升(SLR)速度,我们评估了地表高程表和标记水平面(SET-MH)区域网络的垂直海拔变化率。在过去二十年里,SET-MH 设备已安装在普吉特海湾的五个河口的各种栖息地:尼斯夸里河口、斯诺霍米什河河口、斯蒂尔瓜米什河河口、斯卡吉特河河口和帕迪拉湾。这些数据为评估海拔高度变化和生境在时空和环境梯度上的恢复能力提供了一个独特的机会。我们观察到不同河口和栖息地的地表海拔变化率不同(尼斯夸里 = 4.64 ± 2.81 毫米/年,斯诺霍米什 = 5.71 ± 5.83 毫米/年,斯蒂尔瓜米什 = 12.82 ± 10.29 毫米/年,斯卡吉特 = 16.13 ± 7.57 毫米/年,帕迪拉 = - 1.25 ± 1.58 毫米/年)。在 Stillaguamish 和 Skagit 河口有定期沉积物输入的恢复地点发现的速率最高,而在沉积物匮乏的 Padilla 海湾的低海拔地点发现的速率始终为负值。普吉特海湾的许多地点似乎与当前的相对可持续土地退化速度保持同步,一些地区有望在本世纪末超过预计速度。这些发现表明,只要保持沉积物的输送,普吉特海湾的河口栖息地可以抵御潮位的上升。
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来源期刊
ACS Applied Bio Materials
ACS Applied Bio Materials Chemistry-Chemistry (all)
CiteScore
9.40
自引率
2.10%
发文量
464
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