Recent progress and prospects in electroreduction of nitrogen to ammonia in non-aqueous electrolytes

IF 7.9 2区 化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL
Muhammad Yasir , Zhiliang Zhao , Min Zeng , Sangaraju Shanmugam , Xinyi Zhang
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Abstract

Ammonia production, mostly for use in fertilizers, currently consumes up to 2% of the world's energy production and accounts for more than 1.6% of global CO2 emissions. Hence, it is essential to develop a sustainable and eco-friendly process for NH3 synthesis. To date, various synthetic techniques have been developed under mild operation conditions. Among them, electrochemical nitrogen reduction reaction (ENRR) allows the direct conversion of atmospheric N2 into NH3 from renewables, offering various advantages, So far, most ENRR have been carried out in aqueous electrolytes. However the faradaic efficiency is usually low in such electrolytes, because water or proton reduction to hydrogen competes with nitrogen reduction. Compared to aqueous electrolytes, non-aqueous electrolytes show high electrochemical stability, increased solubility of N2, high selectivity, promoting the ENRR over hydrogen evolution-reactions, hence improving Faradaic efficiency. However, a comprehensive understanding of ENRR in non-aqueous electrolytes remains inadequate, and challenges such as poor selectivity, low current density, and low energy efficiency still remain in practical implementation. In this review, we summarize the recent progress of ENRR in non-aqueous electrolytes. Some technical challenges arising in this field are highlighted and assessed. In the final part, the perspectives are proposed for future research and commercial practice.

Abstract Image

在非水电解质中将氮电解为氨的最新进展和前景
目前,氨的生产(主要用于化肥)消耗了全球能源生产的 2%,占全球二氧化碳排放量的 1.6%以上。因此,开发一种可持续且环保的 NH 合成工艺至关重要。迄今为止,已开发出多种温和操作条件下的合成技术。其中,电化学氮还原反应(ENRR)可将大气中的氮直接转化为可再生的 NH,具有多种优势。然而,由于水或质子还原成氢气与氮还原反应相互竞争,因此在这种电解质中的还原效率通常较低。与水性电解质相比,非水性电解质具有较高的电化学稳定性,氮的溶解度增加,选择性高,可促进ENRR而不是氢进化反应,从而提高法拉第效率。然而,人们对非水电解质中ENRR的全面了解仍然不足,在实际应用中仍然存在选择性差、电流密度低和能效低等挑战。在本综述中,我们总结了非水电解质中 ENRR 的最新进展。重点介绍并评估了该领域面临的一些技术挑战。最后,我们对未来的研究和商业实践提出了展望。
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来源期刊
Current Opinion in Electrochemistry
Current Opinion in Electrochemistry Chemistry-Analytical Chemistry
CiteScore
14.00
自引率
5.90%
发文量
272
审稿时长
73 days
期刊介绍: The development of the Current Opinion journals stemmed from the acknowledgment of the growing challenge for specialists to stay abreast of the expanding volume of information within their field. In Current Opinion in Electrochemistry, they help the reader by providing in a systematic manner: 1.The views of experts on current advances in electrochemistry in a clear and readable form. 2.Evaluations of the most interesting papers, annotated by experts, from the great wealth of original publications. In the realm of electrochemistry, the subject is divided into 12 themed sections, with each section undergoing an annual review cycle: • Bioelectrochemistry • Electrocatalysis • Electrochemical Materials and Engineering • Energy Storage: Batteries and Supercapacitors • Energy Transformation • Environmental Electrochemistry • Fundamental & Theoretical Electrochemistry • Innovative Methods in Electrochemistry • Organic & Molecular Electrochemistry • Physical & Nano-Electrochemistry • Sensors & Bio-sensors •
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