The pine bark beetle Ips acuminatus: an ecological perspective on life-history traits promoting outbreaks

IF 4.3 1区 农林科学 Q1 ENTOMOLOGY
Eva Papek, Elisabeth Ritzer, Peter H. W. Biedermann, Anthony I. Cognato, Peter Baier, Gernot Hoch, Thomas Kirisits, Martin Schebeck
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Abstract

The bark beetle Ips acuminatus is an important pest in pine-dominated forests of Eurasia. Recently, the frequency of I. acuminatus outbreaks and mortality of host trees have increased, most likely as a result of climate change-related alterations in environmental conditions. Therefore, detailed information on the species’ natural history is essential to understand its potential to damage forests and to apply sustainable management measures. We provide a comprehensive overview on the life history of I. acuminatus, focusing on traits that might explain outbreaks and the ability to cause tree mortality. We review its importance for European forestry, outbreak behavior, host plant usage, reproductive biology, temperature-dependent development, diapause and overwintering behavior, and interactions with fungi, bacteria, nematodes and other arthropods. Interestingly, I. acuminatus has a strong nutritional dependency on the fungus Ophiostoma macrosporum, underlined by the presence of a prominent oral mycetangium, a spore-carrying organ, in females, which is not known for other Ips species. Moreover, I. acuminatus can reproduce sexually and asexually (pseudogamy). Additionally, information on the species’ evolutionary past provides valuable insights into the origin of certain traits. We present a phylogeny of the genus Ips and examine selected life-history traits in an evolutionary context. Together with its sister species Ips chinensis, I. acuminatus forms a separate clade within Ips. The ancestor of Ips bark beetles originated about 20 million years ago and was a pine-colonizing species inhabiting the Holarctic. Finally, open fields of research are identified to guide future work on this ecologically and economically important pine bark beetle.

Abstract Image

松树皮甲虫 Ips acuminatus:从生态学角度看促进爆发的生活史特征
树皮甲虫 Ips acuminatus 是欧亚大陆以松树为主的森林中的一种重要害虫。最近,I. acuminatus 的爆发频率和寄主树木的死亡率都有所上升,这很可能是与气候变化相关的环境条件改变造成的。因此,详细了解该物种的自然史对于了解其破坏森林的潜力和采取可持续管理措施至关重要。我们全面概述了 I. acuminatus 的生活史,重点是可能解释其爆发的特征以及造成树木死亡的能力。我们回顾了它对欧洲林业的重要性、爆发行为、寄主植物利用、繁殖生物学、依赖温度的发育、休眠和越冬行为,以及与真菌、细菌、线虫和其他节肢动物的相互作用。有趣的是,尖嘴蝇对真菌大孢子菌(Ophiostoma macrosporum)有很强的营养依赖性,雌性尖嘴蝇存在明显的口腔菌囊(孢子携带器官),这在其他蝇属物种中并不常见。此外,I. acuminatus 可以有性和无性生殖(假两性)。此外,有关该物种进化历史的信息为我们了解某些性状的起源提供了宝贵的资料。我们介绍了栉水母属的系统发育,并在进化背景下考察了部分生活史特征。树皮甲虫(Ips acuminatus)与它的姊妹属树皮甲虫(Ips chinensis)一起构成了树皮甲虫属中的一个独立支系。Ips树皮甲虫的祖先起源于大约2000万年前,是一种栖息在全北极地区的松树殖民物种。最后,研究人员还指出了一些有待研究的领域,以指导今后对这种具有重要生态和经济价值的松树皮甲虫的研究工作。
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来源期刊
Journal of Pest Science
Journal of Pest Science 生物-昆虫学
CiteScore
10.40
自引率
8.30%
发文量
114
审稿时长
6-12 weeks
期刊介绍: Journal of Pest Science publishes high-quality papers on all aspects of pest science in agriculture, horticulture (including viticulture), forestry, urban pests, and stored products research, including health and safety issues. Journal of Pest Science reports on advances in control of pests and animal vectors of diseases, the biology, ethology and ecology of pests and their antagonists, and the use of other beneficial organisms in pest control. The journal covers all noxious or damaging groups of animals, including arthropods, nematodes, molluscs, and vertebrates. Journal of Pest Science devotes special attention to emerging and innovative pest control strategies, including the side effects of such approaches on non-target organisms, for example natural enemies and pollinators, and the implementation of these strategies in integrated pest management. Journal of Pest Science also publishes papers on the management of agro- and forest ecosystems where this is relevant to pest control. Papers on important methodological developments relevant for pest control will be considered as well.
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