Maribacter halichondriae sp. nov., isolated from the marine sponge Halichondria panicea, displays features of a sponge-associated life style.

Abstract

A new member of the family Flavobacteriaceae (termed Hal144^T) was isolated from the marine breadcrumb sponge Halichondria panicea. Sponge material was collected in 2018 at Schilksee which is located in the Kiel Fjord (Baltic Sea, Germany). Phylogenetic analysis of the full-length Hal144^T 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed similarities from 94.3 to 96.6% to the nearest type strains of the genus Maribacter. The phylogenetic tree of the 16S rRNA gene sequences depicted a cluster of strain Hal144^T with its closest relatives Maribacter aestuarii GY20^T (96.6%) and Maribacter thermophilus HT7-2^T (96.3%). Genome phylogeny showed that Maribacter halichondriae Hal144^T branched from a cluster consisting of Maribacter arenosus, Maribacter luteus, and Maribacter polysiphoniae. Genome comparisons of strain Maribacter halichondriae Hal144^T with Maribacter sp. type strains exhibited average nucleotide identities in the range of 75-76% and digital DNA-DNA hybridisation values in the range of 13.1-13.4%. Compared to the next related type strains, strain Hal144^T revealed unique genomic features such as phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent phosphotransferase system pathway, serine-glyoxylate cycle, lipid A 3-O-deacylase, 3-hexulose-6-phosphate synthase, enrichment of pseudogenes and of genes involved in cell wall and envelope biogenesis, indicating an adaptation to the host. Strain Hal144^T was determined to be Gram-negative, mesophilic, strictly aerobic, flexirubin positive, resistant to aminoglycoside antibiotics, and able to utilize N-acetyl-β-D-glucosamine. Optimal growth occurred at 25-30 °C, within a salinity range of 2-6% sea salt, and a pH range between 5 and 8. The major fatty acids identified were C_17:0 3-OH, iso-C_15:0, and iso-C_15:1 G. The DNA G + C content of strain Hal144^T was 41.4 mol%. Based on the polyphasic approach, strain Hal144^T represents a novel species of the genus Maribacter, and we propose the name Maribacter halichondriae sp. nov. The type strain is Hal144^T (= DSM 114563^T = LMG 32744^T).