Metaknowledge of Experts Versus Nonexperts: Do Experts Know Better What They Do and Do Not Know?

IF 1.8 3区 心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, APPLIED
Yuyan Han, David Dunning
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Abstract

Experts are usually valued for their knowledge. However, do they possess metaknowledge, that is, knowing how much they know as well as the limits of that knowledge? The current research examined expert metaknowledge by comparing experts' and nonexperts' confidence when they made correct versus incorrect choices as well as the difference in-between (e.g., Murphy's Resolution and Yate's Separation). Across three fields of expertise (climate science, psychological statistics, and investment), we found that experts tended to display better metaknowledge than nonexperts but still showed systematic and important imperfections. They were less overconfident than nonexperts in general and expressed more confidence in their correct answers. However, they tend to exhibit low Murphy's Resolution similar to nonexperts and gave endorsed wrong answers with equal to higher confidence than did their nonexpert peers. Thus, it appears that expertise is associated with knowing with more certainty what one knows but conceals awareness of what one does not know.

Abstract Image

专家与非专家的元知识:专家更了解自己知道和不知道的东西吗?
专家通常因其知识渊博而受到重视。然而,他们是否拥有元知识,即知道自己知道多少以及这些知识的局限性?目前的研究通过比较专家和非专家在做出正确与错误选择时的信心以及两者之间的差异(如墨菲决议和亚特分离),对专家的元知识进行了研究。在三个专业领域(气候科学、心理统计和投资)中,我们发现专家往往比非专家表现出更好的元知识,但仍然表现出系统性的重要缺陷。总体而言,他们比非专家更少过度自信,对自己的正确答案也更有信心。然而,与非专家类似,他们往往表现出较低的墨菲分辨力,并且与非专家相比,他们在认可错误答案时具有同等或更高的自信。由此看来,专业知识与更确定地知道自己知道什么有关,但却隐藏了对自己不知道什么的意识。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
4.40
自引率
5.00%
发文量
40
期刊介绍: The Journal of Behavioral Decision Making is a multidisciplinary journal with a broad base of content and style. It publishes original empirical reports, critical review papers, theoretical analyses and methodological contributions. The Journal also features book, software and decision aiding technique reviews, abstracts of important articles published elsewhere and teaching suggestions. The objective of the Journal is to present and stimulate behavioral research on decision making and to provide a forum for the evaluation of complementary, contrasting and conflicting perspectives. These perspectives include psychology, management science, sociology, political science and economics. Studies of behavioral decision making in naturalistic and applied settings are encouraged.
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