S. Washburn , K. Nation , T. Cudd , M. Stanton , C. Goodlett
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引用次数: 0
Abstract
In rodent models of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD), cognitive deficits are implicated in impaired T-maze spatial reversal learning. Rat studies have indicated supplemental administration of choline during the developmental period of alcohol exposure can ameliorate spatial reversal deficits. This study tested whether beneficial effects of prenatal choline supplementation could be confirmed in a sheep model of binge exposure in the first trimester equivalent. Two hypotheses were tested: 1) alcohol exposure would produce deficits in reversal of a T-maze position discrimination; and 2) gestational dietary supplementation of choline would ameliorate those deficits. Mated ewes were assigned to one of seven groups—a normal control (NC) group or one of six infusion treatment groups: saline control (SC; isotonic saline), saline control plus choline (SC-CH; isotonic saline plus choline, 10 mg/kg administered orally throughout each day of gestation), binge alcohol (BA; 1.75 g/kg alcohol per infusion day), binge alcohol plus choline (BA-CH; 1.75 g/kg/day alcohol plus choline), heavy binge alcohol (HBA; 2.5 g/kg/day alcohol), or heavy binge alcohol plus choline (HBA-CH; 2.5 g/kg/day alcohol plus choline). The alcohol infusions modeled a weekend binge drinking pattern over the first trimester-equivalent (gestational day 4–41). T-maze training began at 12 weeks of age, with daily sessions occurring 5 days/week. Lambs were given five days of habituation training, followed by five days of position discrimination training (3 trials per daily session, intertrial interval of 3 h, reinforced side randomly assigned across subjects). Lambs were then given 10 days of training on the reversal task. There was no difference among groups during acquisition. Alcohol impaired reversal learning, and choline supplementation mitigated these deficits in the HBA-CH group. These results suggest that maternal dietary choline supplementation can ameliorate or prevent some impairments of executive function in a sheep model of FASD.
期刊介绍:
Alcohol is an international, peer-reviewed journal that is devoted to publishing multi-disciplinary biomedical research on all aspects of the actions or effects of alcohol on the nervous system or on other organ systems. Emphasis is given to studies into the causes and consequences of alcohol abuse and alcoholism, and biomedical aspects of diagnosis, etiology, treatment or prevention of alcohol-related health effects.
Intended for both research scientists and practicing clinicians, the journal publishes original research on the neurobiological, neurobehavioral, and pathophysiological processes associated with alcohol drinking, alcohol abuse, alcohol-seeking behavior, tolerance, dependence, withdrawal, protracted abstinence, and relapse. In addition, the journal reports studies on the effects alcohol on brain mechanisms of neuroplasticity over the life span, biological factors associated with adolescent alcohol abuse, pharmacotherapeutic strategies in the treatment of alcoholism, biological and biochemical markers of alcohol abuse and alcoholism, pathological effects of uncontrolled drinking, biomedical and molecular factors in the effects on liver, immune system, and other organ systems, and biomedical aspects of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder including mechanisms of damage, diagnosis and early detection, treatment, and prevention. Articles are published from all levels of biomedical inquiry, including the following: molecular and cellular studies of alcohol''s actions in vitro and in vivo; animal model studies of genetic, pharmacological, behavioral, developmental or pathophysiological aspects of alcohol; human studies of genetic, behavioral, cognitive, neuroimaging, or pathological aspects of alcohol drinking; clinical studies of diagnosis (including dual diagnosis), treatment, prevention, and epidemiology. The journal will publish 9 issues per year; the accepted abbreviation for Alcohol for bibliographic citation is Alcohol.