The Crucial Roles of Diet, Microbiota, and Postbiotics in Colorectal Cancer.

IF 4.6 3区 医学 Q1 NUTRITION & DIETETICS
Current Nutrition Reports Pub Date : 2024-06-01 Epub Date: 2024-03-14 DOI:10.1007/s13668-024-00525-z
Rüya Kuru-Yaşar, Özlem Üstün-Aytekin
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Abstract

Purpose of review: Colorectal cancer is the second deadliest cancer in the world, and its prevalence has been increasing alarmingly in recent years. After researchers discovered the existence of dysbiosis in colorectal cancer, they considered the use of probiotics in the treatment of colorectal cancer. However, for various reasons, including the low safety profile of probiotics in susceptible and immunocompromised patient5s, and the risk of developing antibiotic resistance, researchers have shifted their focus to non-living cells, their components, and metabolites. This review aims to comprehensively evaluate the literature on the effects of diet, microbiota, and postbiotics on colorectal cancer and the future of postbiotics.

Recent findings: The link between diet, gut microbiota, and colorectal cancer has been established primarily as a relationship rather than a cause-effect relationship. The gut microbiota can convert gastrointestinal tract and dietary factors into either onco-metabolites or tumor suppressor metabolites. There is serious dysbiosis in the microbiota in colorectal cancer. Postbiotics appear to be promising agents in the prevention and treatment of colorectal cancer. It has been shown that various postbiotics can selectively induce apoptosis in CRC, inhibit cell proliferation, growth, invasion, and migration, modulate the immune system, suppress carcinogenic signaling pathways, maintain intestinal epithelial integrity, and have a synergistic effect with chemotherapy drugs. However, it is also reported that some postbiotics are ineffective and may be risky in terms of safety profile in some patients. Many issues need to be researched about postbiotics. Large-scale, randomized, double-blind clinical studies are needed.

饮食、微生物群和益生元后在结直肠癌中的关键作用。
审查目的:大肠癌是世界上第二致命的癌症,近年来其发病率正以惊人的速度增长。研究人员发现大肠癌中存在菌群失调现象后,考虑使用益生菌治疗大肠癌。然而,由于各种原因,包括益生菌对易感人群和免疫力低下的患者5 的低安全性以及产生抗生素耐药性的风险,研究人员已将重点转移到非活细胞、其成分和代谢物上。本综述旨在全面评估有关饮食、微生物群和益生元后对结直肠癌的影响以及益生元后的前景的文献:饮食、肠道微生物群和结直肠癌之间的联系主要是一种关系而非因果关系。肠道微生物群可将胃肠道和饮食因素转化为抑制肿瘤的代谢物或副代谢物。结直肠癌的微生物群存在严重的菌群失调。益生菌后似乎是预防和治疗结直肠癌的有效药物。研究表明,各种益生元可以选择性地诱导 CRC 细胞凋亡,抑制细胞增殖、生长、侵袭和迁移,调节免疫系统,抑制致癌信号通路,维持肠上皮完整性,并与化疗药物产生协同作用。然而,也有报道称,一些益生菌对某些患者无效,而且在安全性方面可能存在风险。关于益生菌后的许多问题都需要研究。需要进行大规模、随机、双盲临床研究。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Current Nutrition Reports
Current Nutrition Reports Agricultural and Biological Sciences-Food Science
CiteScore
7.70
自引率
2.00%
发文量
59
期刊介绍: This journal aims to provide comprehensive review articles that emphasize significant developments in nutrition research emerging in recent publications. By presenting clear, insightful, balanced contributions by international experts, the journal intends to discuss the influence of nutrition on major health conditions such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, cancer, and obesity, as well as the impact of nutrition on genetics, metabolic function, and public health. We accomplish this aim by appointing international authorities to serve as Section Editors in key subject areas across the field. Section Editors select topics for which leading experts contribute comprehensive review articles that emphasize new developments and recently published papers of major importance, highlighted by annotated reference lists. We also provide commentaries from well-known figures in the field, and an Editorial Board of more than 25 internationally diverse members reviews the annual table of contents, suggests topics of special importance to their country/region, and ensures that topics and current and include emerging research.
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