La3+ substitution-adjusted magnetic and optical properties with enhanced photocatalytic activity and stability of copper zinc nickel ferrites for wastewater treatment applications

IF 5.2 1区化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Journal of Rare Earths Pub Date : 2024-03-12 DOI:10.1016/j.jre.2024.03.007

N.S. Al-Bassami

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Copper-zinc-nickel (Cu–Zn–Ni) ferrite nanoparticles are used for wastewater treatment technology. However, low degradation efficiency and stability are two main issues that make them unsuitable for actual production needs. In this paper, the citrate-nitrate auto-combustion method was applied for the formation of CuZnNiLaFeO; (0≤≤0.1; step 0.02) (CZNL) nanoferrites. Although the substitution process entails the replacement of a small ion with a larger one, the lattice constant and crystallite size does not exhibit a consistent incremental pattern. This behavior is justified and discussed. The size of all the CZNL ferrite nanoparticles is in the range of 8–12 nm, and the lattice constant is in the range of 8.6230 to 8.4865 nm. The morphological analysis conducted using field emission-scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) reveals that the CZNL exhibits agglomerated spherical morphology. The energy dispersive X-ray spectrameter (EDAX) analysis was employed to confirm the elemental composition of CZNL nanoferrites. Since the process entails the substitution of Fe magnetic ions with non-magnetic ions La, the magnetic parameters of CZNL nanoferrites show a general decreasing trend as predicted. At 20 K, saturation magnetization shows an overall drop in its values from 59.302 emu/g at = 0.0–41.295 emu/g at = 0.1, the smallest value of 37.87 emu/g is recorded at = 0.06. the highest coercivity ( = 125.9 Oe) and remanence ( = 13.32 emu/g) are recorded for = 0.08 and = 0.04 nanoferrite, respectvely. The band gap of all the CZNL nanoferrites was determined using the Kubelka–Munk function and Tauc plot for direct permitted transitions. La doping modifies the band gap (within 1.86–1.75 eV), increases light absorption, induces efficient e/h separation and charge migration to CuZnNiLaFeO surfaces. The nanoferrite CuZnNiLaFeO achieves a degradation efficiency of 97.3% for methylene blue (MB) dye removal after just 60 min. After five recycling processes, the nanocatalyst CuZnNiLaFeO is degraded by 95.83%, resulting in a negligible 1.51% decrease in photocatalytic activity efficiency. The new CuZnNiLaFeO has exceptional photocatalytic activity and remarkable stability, making it a promising candidate for applications in wastewater treatment.

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用于废水处理的铜锌镍铁氧体的 La3+ 取代调整磁性和光学特性，提高光催化活性和稳定性

铜锌镍（Cu-Zn-Ni）铁氧体纳米粒子可用于废水处理技术。然而，降解效率低和稳定性差这两个主要问题使其无法满足实际生产需要。本文采用柠檬酸盐-硝酸盐自燃法形成 CuZnNiLaFeO; (0≤≤0.1; step 0.02) (CZNL) 纳米铁氧体。虽然置换过程需要用较大的离子替换较小的离子，但晶格常数和晶粒大小并没有表现出一致的递增模式。我们对这种行为进行了论证和讨论。所有 CZNL 铁氧体纳米粒子的尺寸都在 8-12 纳米之间，晶格常数在 8.6230 至 8.4865 纳米之间。使用场发射扫描电子显微镜（FE-SEM）进行的形态分析表明，CZNL 呈团聚球形形态。能量色散 X 射线光谱仪（EDAX）分析证实了 CZNL 纳米铁氧体的元素组成。由于在此过程中，非磁性离子 La 取代了铁磁性离子，因此 CZNL 纳米铁氧体的磁性参数呈现出预测的总体下降趋势。在 20 K 时，饱和磁化值从 = 0.0 时的 59.302 emu/g 到 = 0.1 时的 41.295 emu/g，整体呈下降趋势，其中 = 0.06 时的饱和磁化值最小，为 37.87 emu/g。所有 CZNL 纳米铁氧体的带隙都是利用 Kubelka-Munk 函数和 Tauc 图确定的直接允许转变。掺杂 La 改变了带隙（在 1.86-1.75 eV 范围内），增加了光吸收，诱导了有效的 e/h 分离和电荷迁移到 CuZnNiLaFeO 表面。仅用 60 分钟，纳米铁氧体 CuZnNiLaFeO 对亚甲蓝（MB）染料的降解效率就达到了 97.3%。经过五次循环处理后，纳米催化剂 CuZnNiLaFeO 的降解率为 95.83%，光催化活性效率降低了 1.51%，几乎可以忽略不计。新型 CuZnNiLaFeO 具有优异的光催化活性和出色的稳定性，因此有望应用于废水处理。

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来源期刊

Journal of Rare Earths 化学-应用化学

CiteScore

8.70

自引率

14.30%

发文量

374

审稿时长

1.7 months

期刊介绍： The Journal of Rare Earths reports studies on the 17 rare earth elements. It is a unique English-language learned journal that publishes works on various aspects of basic theory and applied science in the field of rare earths (RE). The journal accepts original high-quality original research papers and review articles with inventive content, and complete experimental data. It represents high academic standards and new progress in the RE field. Due to the advantage of abundant RE resources of China, the research on RE develops very actively, and papers on the latest progress in this field emerge every year. It is not only an important resource in which technicians publish and obtain their latest research results on RE, but also an important way of reflecting the updated progress in RE research field. The Journal of Rare Earths covers all research and application of RE rare earths including spectroscopy, luminescence and phosphors, rare earth catalysis, magnetism and magnetic materials, advanced rare earth materials, RE chemistry & hydrometallurgy, RE metallography & pyrometallurgy, RE new materials, RE solid state physics & solid state chemistry, rare earth applications, RE analysis & test, RE geology & ore dressing, etc.