Monitorización ambulatoria de la presión arterial en adultos y población pediátrica. Una revisión narrativa

Abstract

Hypertension has become a central risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease, underscoring the importance of its accurate diagnosis. Numerous studies have established a close relationship between elevated systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure and an increased risk of cardiovascular event (CVE). Traditionally, blood pressure (BP) measurements performed in clinical settings have been the main method for diagnosing and assessing hypertension. However, in recent years, it has been recognized that BP measurements obtained outside the clinical setting, using self-monitoring blood pressure (SMBP) and ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM), offer a more realistic perspective of patients’ daily lives and therefore provide more reliable results. Given the evolution of medical devices, diagnostic criteria, and the increasing relevance of certain components of ABPM in the prediction of adverse cardiovascular outcomes, a comprehensive update that is practical for daily clinical practice is required. The main objective of this article is to provide an updated review of ABPM, focusing on its importance in the evaluation of hypertension and its impact on public health in Colombia. In addition, it will discuss the implications of changes in diagnostic thresholds and provide concrete recommendations for the effective implementation of ABPM in clinical practice, allowing health professionals to make informed decisions and improve the care of their patients.