Root anatomical plasticity contributes to the different adaptive responses of two Phragmites species to water-deficit and low-oxygen conditions.

IF 4.6 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, BIOMATERIALS
Takaki Yamauchi, Kurumi Sumi, Hiromitsu Morishita, Yasuyuki Nomura
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Abstract

The runner reed (Phragmites japonica ) is the dominant species on riverbanks, whereas the common reed (Phragmites australis ) thrives in continuously flooded areas. Here, we aimed to identify the key root anatomical traits that determine the different adaptative responses of the two Phragmites species to water-deficit and low-oxygen conditions. Growth measurements revealed that P . japonica tolerated high osmotic conditions, whereas P . australis preferred low-oxygen conditions. Root anatomical analysis revealed that the ratios of the cortex to stele area and aerenchyma (gas space) to cortex area in both species increased under low-oxygen conditions. However, a higher ratio of cortex to stele area in P . australis resulted in a higher ratio of aerenchyma to stele, which includes xylem vessels that are essential for water and nutrient uptakes. In contrast, a lower ratio of cortex to stele area in P . japonica could be advantageous for efficient water uptake under high-osmotic conditions. In addition to the ratio of root tissue areas, rigid outer apoplastic barriers composed of a suberised exodermis may contribute to the adaptation of P . japonica and P . australis to water-deficit and low-oxygen conditions, respectively. Our results suggested that root anatomical plasticity is essential for plants to adapt and respond to different soil moisture levels.

根部解剖可塑性是两种葭属植物对缺水和低氧条件做出不同适应性反应的原因。
匐茎芦苇(Phragmites japonica)是河岸上的主要物种,而普通芦苇(Phragmites australis)则在持续洪水泛滥的地区生长茂盛。在此,我们旨在找出决定两种芦苇对缺水和低氧条件的不同适应反应的关键根部解剖特征。生长测量结果表明,P. japonica 能忍受高渗透条件,而 P. australis 则更喜欢低氧条件。根部解剖分析表明,在低氧条件下,两种植物的皮层与茎干面积之比以及气孔(气体空间)与皮层面积之比均有所增加。然而,皮层与茎干面积的比率越高,气孔与茎干的比率也越高,气孔包括木质部血管,对水分和养分的吸收至关重要。与此相反,P. japonica 的皮层面积与茎杆面积的比例较低,这可能有利于在高渗透条件下有效地吸收水分。除了根组织面积的比例外,由软化的外皮组成的坚硬的外质屏障可能也是 P. japonica 和 P. australis 分别适应缺水和低氧条件的原因。我们的研究结果表明,根的解剖可塑性对植物适应和应对不同的土壤水分水平至关重要。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
ACS Applied Bio Materials
ACS Applied Bio Materials Chemistry-Chemistry (all)
CiteScore
9.40
自引率
2.10%
发文量
464
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