Social life results in social stress protection: a novel concept to explain individual life-history patterns in social insects

IF 11 1区 生物学 Q1 BIOLOGY
Alexander Walton, Jacob J. Herman, Olav Rueppell
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Abstract

Resistance to and avoidance of stress slow aging and confer increased longevity in numerous organisms. Honey bees and other superorganismal social insects have two main advantages over solitary species to avoid or resist stress: individuals can directly help each other by resource or information transfer, and they can cooperatively control their environment. These benefits have been recognised in the context of pathogen and parasite stress as the concept of social immunity, which has been extensively studied. However, we argue that social immunity is only a special case of a general concept that we define here as social stress protection to include group-level defences against all biotic and abiotic stressors. We reason that social stress protection may have allowed the evolution of reduced individual-level defences and individual life-history optimization, including the exceptional aging plasticity of many social insects. We describe major categories of stress and how a colonial lifestyle may protect social insects, particularly against temporary peaks of extreme stress. We use the honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) to illustrate how patterns of life expectancy may be explained by social stress protection and how modern beekeeping practices can disrupt social stress protection. We conclude that the broad concept of social stress protection requires rigorous empirical testing because it may have implications for our general understanding of social evolution and specifically for improving honey bee health.

Abstract Image

社会生活导致社会压力保护:解释社会性昆虫个体生活史模式的新概念。
在许多生物中,抵抗和避免压力会延缓衰老并延长寿命。与独居物种相比,蜜蜂和其他超组织社会性昆虫在避免或抵御压力方面有两大优势:个体可以通过资源或信息传递直接互相帮助;它们可以合作控制环境。在病原体和寄生虫压力的背景下,这些优势被认为是社会免疫力的概念,并得到了广泛的研究。然而,我们认为,社会免疫力只是一个一般概念的特例,我们在此将其定义为社会压力保护,包括对所有生物和非生物压力的群体级防御。我们的理由是,社会压力保护可能使个体防御能力降低和个体生命史优化得以进化,包括许多社会性昆虫特殊的衰老可塑性。我们描述了压力的主要类别,以及群居生活方式如何保护社会性昆虫,尤其是抵御暂时的极端压力高峰。我们用蜜蜂(Apis mellifera L.)来说明社会压力保护如何解释预期寿命模式,以及现代养蜂方法如何破坏社会压力保护。我们的结论是,社会压力保护这一广义概念需要严格的实证检验,因为它可能会影响我们对社会进化的总体理解,特别是对改善蜜蜂健康的影响。
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来源期刊
Biological Reviews
Biological Reviews 生物-生物学
CiteScore
21.30
自引率
2.00%
发文量
99
审稿时长
6-12 weeks
期刊介绍: Biological Reviews is a scientific journal that covers a wide range of topics in the biological sciences. It publishes several review articles per issue, which are aimed at both non-specialist biologists and researchers in the field. The articles are scholarly and include extensive bibliographies. Authors are instructed to be aware of the diverse readership and write their articles accordingly. The reviews in Biological Reviews serve as comprehensive introductions to specific fields, presenting the current state of the art and highlighting gaps in knowledge. Each article can be up to 20,000 words long and includes an abstract, a thorough introduction, and a statement of conclusions. The journal focuses on publishing synthetic reviews, which are based on existing literature and address important biological questions. These reviews are interesting to a broad readership and are timely, often related to fast-moving fields or new discoveries. A key aspect of a synthetic review is that it goes beyond simply compiling information and instead analyzes the collected data to create a new theoretical or conceptual framework that can significantly impact the field. Biological Reviews is abstracted and indexed in various databases, including Abstracts on Hygiene & Communicable Diseases, Academic Search, AgBiotech News & Information, AgBiotechNet, AGRICOLA Database, GeoRef, Global Health, SCOPUS, Weed Abstracts, and Reaction Citation Index, among others.
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