{"title":"Agronomic potential of plant-specific Gγ proteins","authors":"Sona Pandey","doi":"10.1007/s12298-024-01428-7","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p>The vascular plant-specific type III Gγ proteins have emerged as important targets for biotechnological applications. These proteins are exemplified by Arabidopsis AGG3, rice Grain Size 3 (GS3), Dense and Erect Panicle 1 (DEP1), and GGC2 and regulate plant stature, seed size, weight and quality, nitrogen use efficiency, and multiple stress responses. These Gγ proteins are an integral component of the plant heterotrimeric G-protein complex and differ from the canonical Gγ proteins due to the presence of a long, cysteine-rich C-terminal region. Most cereal genomes encode three or more of these proteins, which have similar N-terminal Gγ domains but varying lengths of the C-terminal domain. The C-terminal domain is hypothesized to give specificity to the protein function. Intriguingly, many accessions of cultivated cereals have natural deletion of this region in one or more proteins, but the mechanistic details of protein function remain perplexing. Distinct, sometimes contrasting, effects of deletion of the C-terminal region have been reported in different crops or under varying environmental conditions. This review summarizes the known roles of type III Gγ proteins, the possible action mechanisms, and a perspective on what is needed to comprehend their full agronomic potential.</p>","PeriodicalId":20148,"journal":{"name":"Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4000,"publicationDate":"2024-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants","FirstCategoryId":"99","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12298-024-01428-7","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"PLANT SCIENCES","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
The vascular plant-specific type III Gγ proteins have emerged as important targets for biotechnological applications. These proteins are exemplified by Arabidopsis AGG3, rice Grain Size 3 (GS3), Dense and Erect Panicle 1 (DEP1), and GGC2 and regulate plant stature, seed size, weight and quality, nitrogen use efficiency, and multiple stress responses. These Gγ proteins are an integral component of the plant heterotrimeric G-protein complex and differ from the canonical Gγ proteins due to the presence of a long, cysteine-rich C-terminal region. Most cereal genomes encode three or more of these proteins, which have similar N-terminal Gγ domains but varying lengths of the C-terminal domain. The C-terminal domain is hypothesized to give specificity to the protein function. Intriguingly, many accessions of cultivated cereals have natural deletion of this region in one or more proteins, but the mechanistic details of protein function remain perplexing. Distinct, sometimes contrasting, effects of deletion of the C-terminal region have been reported in different crops or under varying environmental conditions. This review summarizes the known roles of type III Gγ proteins, the possible action mechanisms, and a perspective on what is needed to comprehend their full agronomic potential.
期刊介绍:
Founded in 1995, Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants (PMBP) is a peer reviewed monthly journal co-published by Springer Nature. It contains research and review articles, short communications, commentaries, book reviews etc., in all areas of functional plant biology including, but not limited to plant physiology, biochemistry, molecular genetics, molecular pathology, biophysics, cell and molecular biology, genetics, genomics and bioinformatics. Its integrated and interdisciplinary approach reflects the global growth trajectories in functional plant biology, attracting authors/editors/reviewers from over 98 countries.