Six elements test vs D-KEFS: what does "Ecological Validity" tell us?

IF 2.6 4区 心理学 Q2 CLINICAL NEUROLOGY
Yana Suchy, Michelle Gereau Mora, Stacey Lipio Brothers, Libby A DesRuisseaux
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Abstract

Objective: Extensive research shows that tests of executive functioning (EF) predict instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs) but are nevertheless often criticized for having poor ecological validity. The Modified Six Elements Test (MSET) is a pencil-and-paper test that was developed to mimic the demands of daily life, with the assumption that this would result in a more ecologically valid test. Although the MSET has been extensively validated in its ability to capture cognitive deficits in various populations, support for its ability to predict functioning in daily life is mixed. This study aimed to examine the MSET's ability to predict IADLs assessed via three different modalities relative to traditional EF measures.

Method: Participants (93 adults aged 60 - 85) completed the MSET, traditional measures of EF (Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System; D-KEFS), and self-reported and performance-based IADLs in the lab. Participants then completed three weeks of IADL tasks at home, using the Daily Assessment of Independent Living and Executive Skills (DAILIES) protocol.

Results: The MSET predicted only IADLs completed at home, while the D-KEFS predicted IADLs across all three modalities. Further, the D-KEFS predicted home-based IADLs beyond the MSET when pitted against each other, whereas the MSET did not contribute beyond the D-KEFS.

Conclusions: Traditional EF tests (D-KEFS) appear to be superior to the MSET in predicting IADLs in community-dwelling older adults. The present results argue against replacing traditional measures with the MSET when addressing functional independence of generally high-functioning and cognitive healthy older adult patients.

六要素测试与 D-KEFS:"生态有效性 "说明了什么?
目的:大量研究表明,执行功能(EF)测验可以预测日常生活中的工具性活动(IADLs),但却经常被批评为生态效度差。改良六要素测验(MSET)是一种纸笔测验,是为了模仿日常生活的需求而开发的,其假设是这样会使测验更具生态效度。尽管 MSET 在捕捉不同人群认知缺陷方面的能力已得到广泛验证,但其预测日常生活功能的能力却不尽相同。本研究旨在考察 MSET 预测通过三种不同模式评估的 IADLs 的能力,以及与传统 EF 测量方法相比的预测能力:方法:参与者(93 名 60 - 85 岁的成年人)在实验室完成 MSET、传统的 EF 测量(Delis-Kaplan 执行功能系统;D-KEFS)以及自我报告和基于表现的 IADL。然后,受试者在家中使用独立生活和执行技能日常评估(DAILIES)方案完成为期三周的独立生活和执行技能任务:结果:MSET只能预测在家完成的IADL任务,而D-KEFS能预测所有三种模式的IADL任务。此外,当D-KEFS与MSET相互比较时,D-KEFS对在家完成的IADL的预测超出了MSET,而MSET对D-KEFS的预测则没有超出D-KEFS:结论:在预测社区老年人的 IADL 方面,传统的 EF 测试(D-KEFS)似乎优于 MSET。目前的研究结果表明,在解决功能正常、认知健康的老年患者的功能独立性问题时,不应该用 MSET 取代传统的测量方法。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
5.40
自引率
3.80%
发文量
185
审稿时长
4-8 weeks
期刊介绍: The Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society is the official journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, an organization of over 4,500 international members from a variety of disciplines. The Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society welcomes original, creative, high quality research papers covering all areas of neuropsychology. The focus of articles may be primarily experimental, applied, or clinical. Contributions will broadly reflect the interest of all areas of neuropsychology, including but not limited to: development of cognitive processes, brain-behavior relationships, adult and pediatric neuropsychology, neurobehavioral syndromes (such as aphasia or apraxia), and the interfaces of neuropsychology with related areas such as behavioral neurology, neuropsychiatry, genetics, and cognitive neuroscience. Papers that utilize behavioral, neuroimaging, and electrophysiological measures are appropriate. To assure maximum flexibility and to promote diverse mechanisms of scholarly communication, the following formats are available in addition to a Regular Research Article: Brief Communication is a shorter research article; Rapid Communication is intended for "fast breaking" new work that does not yet justify a full length article and is placed on a fast review track; Case Report is a theoretically important and unique case study; Critical Review and Short Review are thoughtful considerations of topics of importance to neuropsychology and include meta-analyses; Dialogue provides a forum for publishing two distinct positions on controversial issues in a point-counterpoint format; Special Issue and Special Section consist of several articles linked thematically; Letter to the Editor responds to recent articles published in the Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society; and Book Review, which is considered but is no longer solicited.
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