Traqueostomías abiertas y percutáneas en un nivel iii de atención. Estudio de corte transversal

Abstract

Introduction

There are 2 types of tracheostomy: open (OT) and percutaneous (PT). There is no consensus on the technique of choice for the majority of patients, it is necessary to carry out studies on the clinical results with the use of the 2 techniques.

Objective

Compare the clinical results in patients undergoing OT and PT in the intensive care unit of Hospital Universitario San José, Colombia between 2013 and 2018.

Methods

Observational cross-sectional study. A descriptive analysis was made and later both techniques were compared using Pearson's χ² test for qualitative variables and the Mann-Whitney U test for quantitative ones.

Results

Three hundred and sixty-two patients were included, most underwent PT corresponding to 53.87%. Both groups were similar with respect to clinical and sociodemographic characteristics. The BMI was lower for the TP (P = 0.001). The length of stay in the ICU did not differ, with a median of 19 and 17 for patients with OT and PT, respectively (P = 0.287). Only surgeons performed OT and in PT 35.38% were anesthesiologists, 32.82% surgeons and 32.31% intensivists. The most frequent complication was bleeding, followed by infection, although without a statistically significant difference. Overall mortality of 34.8%, with 0.83% secondary to the procedure.

Conclusions

Both surgeries proved to be safe, with a similar prevalence in terms of complications. PT can be performed by different professionals, without increasing complications. There was a difference in decannulation time, this item should be expanded in future research.