Grace O'Neill, Michelle Campbell, Taylor Matson, Alison Schinkel-Ivy
{"title":"How do features of dynamic postural stability change with age during quiet standing, gait, and obstacle crossing?","authors":"Grace O'Neill, Michelle Campbell, Taylor Matson, Alison Schinkel-Ivy","doi":"10.1016/j.humov.2024.103197","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Previous research has reported mixed findings regarding age-related changes in dynamic postural stability, quantified by margin of stability (MOS), during gait. However, age-related changes in MOS may be better elicited by tasks imposing greater challenges to the postural control system. Older adults' MOS during obstacle crossing, a destabilizing task, has previously been characterized, although studies comparing MOS during this task between younger and older adults remain sparse. This study investigated age-related changes in dynamic postural stability during quiet standing, gait, and obstacle crossing. Participants aged 20–30 (<em>n</em> = 20), 60–69 (<em>n</em> = 18), 70–79 (<em>n</em> = 15), and 80+ (<em>n</em> = 7; not analyzed statistically) years old performed these tasks while whole-body motion was tracked using motion capture. MOS in each direction was estimated throughout each trial, and integrals, transient ranges, and trial minima were extracted (as applicable). MOS time series were also ensemble averaged across age groups. No age-related differences were identified for quiet standing or gait. However, obstacle crossing metrics revealed greater stability (i.e., more positive MOS) and less instability (i.e., less negative MOS) in older adults, and reduced ranges during transients. These findings potentially arise from shorter step lengths, which may be the result of age-related physical declines; or may reflect a cautious strategy in older adults, which maximizes postural stability in the direction with the greatest consequences for foot-obstacle contact, as it changes throughout the task. This study supports the use of tasks imposing physical challenges and/or voluntary perturbations to study age-related changes in dynamic postural stability. Findings also contribute to our theoretical understanding of the time course of dynamic postural stability during functional tasks in relation to periods of transition in the base of support, and task-specific strategies adopted for obstacle crossing by older adults to maintain dynamic postural stability and mitigate fall risk.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55046,"journal":{"name":"Human Movement Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6000,"publicationDate":"2024-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167945724000204/pdfft?md5=2a2adaae94af503fde8238a16bb9c0de&pid=1-s2.0-S0167945724000204-main.pdf","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Human Movement Science","FirstCategoryId":"102","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167945724000204","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q4","JCRName":"NEUROSCIENCES","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Previous research has reported mixed findings regarding age-related changes in dynamic postural stability, quantified by margin of stability (MOS), during gait. However, age-related changes in MOS may be better elicited by tasks imposing greater challenges to the postural control system. Older adults' MOS during obstacle crossing, a destabilizing task, has previously been characterized, although studies comparing MOS during this task between younger and older adults remain sparse. This study investigated age-related changes in dynamic postural stability during quiet standing, gait, and obstacle crossing. Participants aged 20–30 (n = 20), 60–69 (n = 18), 70–79 (n = 15), and 80+ (n = 7; not analyzed statistically) years old performed these tasks while whole-body motion was tracked using motion capture. MOS in each direction was estimated throughout each trial, and integrals, transient ranges, and trial minima were extracted (as applicable). MOS time series were also ensemble averaged across age groups. No age-related differences were identified for quiet standing or gait. However, obstacle crossing metrics revealed greater stability (i.e., more positive MOS) and less instability (i.e., less negative MOS) in older adults, and reduced ranges during transients. These findings potentially arise from shorter step lengths, which may be the result of age-related physical declines; or may reflect a cautious strategy in older adults, which maximizes postural stability in the direction with the greatest consequences for foot-obstacle contact, as it changes throughout the task. This study supports the use of tasks imposing physical challenges and/or voluntary perturbations to study age-related changes in dynamic postural stability. Findings also contribute to our theoretical understanding of the time course of dynamic postural stability during functional tasks in relation to periods of transition in the base of support, and task-specific strategies adopted for obstacle crossing by older adults to maintain dynamic postural stability and mitigate fall risk.
以往的研究对步态过程中动态姿势稳定性（以稳定幅度（MOS）量化）与年龄相关的变化的研究结果不一。然而，对姿势控制系统提出更大挑战的任务可能会更好地激发与年龄相关的 MOS 变化。老年人在跨越障碍（一种破坏稳定性的任务）时的 MOS 已被描述，但比较年轻人和老年人在该任务中的 MOS 的研究仍然很少。本研究调查了安静站立、步态和跨越障碍时动态姿势稳定性的年龄相关变化。年龄分别为 20-30 岁（n = 20）、60-69 岁（n = 18）、70-79 岁（n = 15）和 80 岁以上（n = 7；未进行统计分析）的参与者在完成这些任务的同时，使用运动捕捉对全身运动进行了跟踪。在每次试验的整个过程中对每个方向的 MOS 进行估计，并提取积分、瞬态范围和试验最小值（如适用）。还对各年龄组的 MOS 时间序列进行了集合平均。在安静站立或步态方面，没有发现与年龄有关的差异。然而，障碍跨越指标显示，老年人的稳定性更高（即正 MOS 更高），不稳定性更低（即负 MOS 更低），瞬时范围更小。这些发现可能是由于步长较短造成的，这可能是与年龄有关的身体机能下降的结果；也可能反映了老年人的谨慎策略，即在整个任务过程中，在对脚与障碍物接触产生最大影响的方向上最大限度地保持姿势稳定性。这项研究支持使用强加身体挑战和/或自愿干扰的任务来研究动态姿势稳定性与年龄有关的变化。研究结果还有助于我们从理论上理解功能性任务中动态姿势稳定性的时间过程与支撑基础的过渡时期的关系，以及老年人在跨越障碍时为保持动态姿势稳定性和降低跌倒风险而采取的特定任务策略。
期刊介绍：
Human Movement Science provides a medium for publishing disciplinary and multidisciplinary studies on human movement. It brings together psychological, biomechanical and neurophysiological research on the control, organization and learning of human movement, including the perceptual support of movement. The overarching goal of the journal is to publish articles that help advance theoretical understanding of the control and organization of human movement, as well as changes therein as a function of development, learning and rehabilitation. The nature of the research reported may vary from fundamental theoretical or empirical studies to more applied studies in the fields of, for example, sport, dance and rehabilitation with the proviso that all studies have a distinct theoretical bearing. Also, reviews and meta-studies advancing the understanding of human movement are welcome.
These aims and scope imply that purely descriptive studies are not acceptable, while methodological articles are only acceptable if the methodology in question opens up new vistas in understanding the control and organization of human movement. The same holds for articles on exercise physiology, which in general are not supported, unless they speak to the control and organization of human movement. In general, it is required that the theoretical message of articles published in Human Movement Science is, to a certain extent, innovative and not dismissible as just "more of the same."
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