The role and fate of patulin in apple-associated fungal-fungal interactions

IF 1.9 3区环境科学与生态学 Q3 ECOLOGY

Fungal Ecology Pub Date : 2024-03-09 DOI:10.1016/j.funeco.2024.101341

Sidsel Ettrup Clemmensen , Michael Scott Cowled , Kresten Jon Korup Kromphardt , Jens Christian Frisvad , Thomas Ostenfeld Larsen , Rasmus John Normand Frandsen

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Abstract

Fungal secondary metabolites (SMs) have attracted significant attention due to their pharmaceutical applications and negative impact as food contaminants. However, less attention has been paid to understanding the ecological role of SMs for the producer and their natural microbial community. To investigate this, we performed co-cultures of SM deficient mutant strains and wild type fungi isolated from mouldy windfall apples. The competitiveness of Penicillium expansum mutant strains was tested in co-cultures with Monilinia fructigena on apple puree agar. Remarkably, the absence of patulin production in P. expansum lead to a loss of antagonism against M. fructigena, revealing a nuanced ecological role that extends beyond the involvement of patulin in host pathogenicity. Furthermore, chemical analysis revealed biotransformation of patulin by M. fructigena, pointing to a more complex interplay mediated by SMs for fungal species inhabiting the same ecosystem.

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棒曲霉素在苹果相关真菌-真菌相互作用中的作用和命运

真菌次生代谢物（SMs）因其制药用途和作为食品污染物的负面影响而备受关注。然而，人们较少关注 SMs 对生产者及其自然微生物群落的生态作用。为了研究这个问题，我们对从霉变苹果中分离出来的 SM 缺乏突变菌株和野生型真菌进行了共培养。我们在苹果泥琼脂上测试了扩张青霉突变菌株与果实单胞菌的共培养竞争力。值得注意的是，扩张青霉不产生棒曲霉素会导致失去对果拟莫尼菌的拮抗作用，这揭示了棒曲霉素在宿主致病性中的作用之外，还具有细微的生态作用。此外，化学分析揭示了果蝇科真菌对棒曲霉素的生物转化，这表明在同一生态系统中，真菌物种之间由 SMs 介导的相互作用更为复杂。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Fungal Ecology 环境科学-生态学

CiteScore

5.80

自引率

3.40%

发文量

审稿时长

3 months

期刊介绍： Fungal Ecology publishes investigations into all aspects of fungal ecology, including the following (not exclusive): population dynamics; adaptation; evolution; role in ecosystem functioning, nutrient cycling, decomposition, carbon allocation; ecophysiology; intra- and inter-specific mycelial interactions, fungus-plant (pathogens, mycorrhizas, lichens, endophytes), fungus-invertebrate and fungus-microbe interaction; genomics and (evolutionary) genetics; conservation and biodiversity; remote sensing; bioremediation and biodegradation; quantitative and computational aspects - modelling, indicators, complexity, informatics. The usual prerequisites for publication will be originality, clarity, and significance as relevant to a better understanding of the ecology of fungi.