Numerical analysis of gravity-induced coupling dynamics of keyhole and molten pool in laser welding

IF 5 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

International Journal of Thermal Sciences Pub Date : 2024-03-08 DOI:10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2024.108987

Chao Ma, Yue Li, Lihong Cheng, Yanqiu Zhao, Jianfeng Wang, Xiaohong Zhan

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Abstract

The dynamics and flow behavior of the molten pool and keyhole during laser welding under the influence of lateral gravity engender a distinct propensity for fluctuation, thereby manifesting a substantial influence on the quality of the laser welding process. Nevertheless, a comprehensive elucidation of these intricately interconnected dynamic mechanisms across varying gravity angles still stands as an unmet imperative. Based on the experimentally validated heat source model, the flow behavior of distorted molten pools and the dynamic evolution of keyholes under varying lateral gravity conditions were investigated. This study elucidates the impact of lateral gravity angle fluctuations on the fluid dynamics proximate to the keyhole, notably accentuated during the molten pool's growth phase. The influence of gravity manifests in a conspicuous demarcation line within the molten pool adjacent to the keyhole. The upper domain of the molten pool is subject to the Marangoni effect, inducing an upward flow, whereas the lower domain undergoes downward motion due to gravitational forces. Furthermore, as the lateral gravity angle increases, there is a notable reduction in the maximum flow velocity within the molten pool.

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激光焊接中钥匙孔与熔池重力耦合动力学的数值分析

在横向重力的影响下，激光焊接过程中熔池和锁孔的动态和流动行为会产生明显的波动倾向，从而对激光焊接过程的质量产生重大影响。尽管如此，全面阐明这些在不同重力角下错综复杂的动态机制仍然是一个亟待解决的问题。基于实验验证的热源模型，研究了在不同横向重力条件下扭曲熔池的流动行为和键孔的动态演化。这项研究阐明了横向重力角波动对钥匙孔附近流体动力学的影响，尤其是在熔池生长阶段。重力的影响在钥匙孔附近的熔池中表现为一条明显的分界线。熔池的上层受到马兰戈尼效应的影响而向上流动，而下层则在重力作用下向下运动。此外，随着横向重力角的增大，熔池内的最大流速也明显下降。

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来源期刊

International Journal of Thermal Sciences 工程技术-工程：机械

CiteScore

8.10

自引率

11.10%

发文量

531

审稿时长

55 days

期刊介绍： The International Journal of Thermal Sciences is a journal devoted to the publication of fundamental studies on the physics of transfer processes in general, with an emphasis on thermal aspects and also applied research on various processes, energy systems and the environment. Articles are published in English and French, and are subject to peer review. The fundamental subjects considered within the scope of the journal are: * Heat and relevant mass transfer at all scales (nano, micro and macro) and in all types of material (heterogeneous, composites, biological,...) and fluid flow * Forced, natural or mixed convection in reactive or non-reactive media * Single or multi–phase fluid flow with or without phase change * Near–and far–field radiative heat transfer * Combined modes of heat transfer in complex systems (for example, plasmas, biological, geological,...) * Multiscale modelling The applied research topics include: * Heat exchangers, heat pipes, cooling processes * Transport phenomena taking place in industrial processes (chemical, food and agricultural, metallurgical, space and aeronautical, automobile industries) * Nano–and micro–technology for energy, space, biosystems and devices * Heat transport analysis in advanced systems * Impact of energy–related processes on environment, and emerging energy systems The study of thermophysical properties of materials and fluids, thermal measurement techniques, inverse methods, and the developments of experimental methods are within the scope of the International Journal of Thermal Sciences which also covers the modelling, and numerical methods applied to thermal transfer.