Use of thoracic fluid content for prediction of fluid balance and postoperative pulmonary complications after major abdominal surgery: an observational study

Abstract

Background and objectives

The harmful effects of excess fluids frequently manifest in the lungs. Thoracic fluid content (TFC) is a variable provided by the STARLINGTM bioreactance monitor, which represents the total volume of fluid in the chest. The objective is to analyse the association between the variation in TFC values (TFCd0%) at 24 h postoperatively, postoperative fluid balance, and postoperative pulmonary complications.

Material and methods

Prospective and analytical observational study. Patients scheduled for major abdominal surgery at a tertiary teaching hospital were included. They were monitored during the intervention and the first 24 postoperative hours with the monitor. STARLINGTM, measuring TFC and its variation in different stages of the perioperative period. Serial lung ultrasounds were performed and postoperative pulmonary complications were recorded. Logistic regression was performed to predict the occurrence of atelectasis and pulmonary congestion. The Pearson correlation coefficient was calculated to verify the association between TFC and fluid balance.

Results

50 patients were analyzed. TFCd0% measured on the morning of the first postoperative day increased by a median of 27.1% [IQR: 20.3–37.5] and was correlated at r = 0.44 with the postoperative balance of 677 ml [IQR: 125.5−1,412]. Increased TFC was related to a higher risk of atelectasis (OR = 1.24) and pulmonary congestion (OR = 1.3).

Conclusions

TFCd0% measured 24 h after surgery presents a moderate correlation with postoperative fluid balance. Its increase is a risk factor for the appearance of postoperative pulmonary complications.