Visual shape discrimination in goldfish, modelled with the neural circuitry of optic tectum and torus longitudinalis

IF 1.5 4区 心理学 Q4 NEUROSCIENCES
D.P.M. Northmore
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Abstract

There is no satisfactory neurally-based theory as to how vertebrates that lack a neocortex discriminate even simple geometric shapes. In fishes, an intact optic tectum is necessary for such discriminations, but physiological studies of it have found nothing like the hierarchically arranged feature detecting neurons of mammalian visual cortex. Here, a neural model attempts a solution by basing shape discrimination upon the responses of only those elementary detectors (e.g. of size) that are within a focus of attention, formed by a winner-take-all arrangement of retinotopically mapped units representing tectal pyramidal cells. While this relatively primitive mechanism could recognize an object irrespective of position in space, it fails to distinguish patterns that differ only in their features’ spatial relationships. The model’s solution - imitating goldfish that naturally attend to the top of shapes - is to shift attention to the edges of a shape by spatially offsetting inputs to the pyramidal neurons, effected by the torus longitudinalis and its prolific synapses on pyramidal dendrites. The model’s shape discrimination was compared to an extensive behavioral study using shapes with points and projections. In one test series fish were sensitive to the relative number of points on the tops of shapes. In another, fish were trained to discriminate points on the sides. By using different offset connections and only one elementary feature detector for small dark spots, the model successfully emulated the two sets of goldfish data, as judged by significant correlations between model response and fish discrimination.

Abstract Image

金鱼的视觉形状辨别能力,以视网膜和纵裂环的神经回路为模型
对于缺乏新皮层的脊椎动物如何辨别哪怕是简单的几何图形,目前还没有令人满意的基于神经的理论。在鱼类中,完整的视神经构造是进行这种辨别的必要条件,但对其进行的生理学研究却没有发现类似哺乳动物视觉皮层中分层排列的特征检测神经元。在这里,一个神经模型尝试了一种解决方案,即只根据那些在注意力焦点范围内的基本检测器(如大小)的反应来进行形状辨别,该焦点由代表视网膜锥体细胞的视网膜映射单元的赢家通吃排列而成。虽然这种相对原始的机制可以识别物体,而不考虑其在空间中的位置,但它无法区分仅在特征空间关系上存在差异的模式。该模型的解决方法是模仿金鱼对形状顶部的自然注意,通过对锥体神经元的空间偏移输入,将注意力转移到形状的边缘。该模型的形状辨别能力与使用带点和投影的形状进行的广泛行为研究进行了比较。在一系列测试中,鱼类对形状顶部点的相对数量非常敏感。在另一个测试系列中,鱼被训练辨别侧面的点。通过使用不同的偏移连接和只针对小黑点的一个基本特征检测器,该模型成功地模拟了两组金鱼数据,这可以从模型响应和鱼类辨别之间的显著相关性来判断。
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来源期刊
Vision Research
Vision Research 医学-神经科学
CiteScore
3.70
自引率
16.70%
发文量
111
审稿时长
66 days
期刊介绍: Vision Research is a journal devoted to the functional aspects of human, vertebrate and invertebrate vision and publishes experimental and observational studies, reviews, and theoretical and computational analyses. Vision Research also publishes clinical studies relevant to normal visual function and basic research relevant to visual dysfunction or its clinical investigation. Functional aspects of vision is interpreted broadly, ranging from molecular and cellular function to perception and behavior. Detailed descriptions are encouraged but enough introductory background should be included for non-specialists. Theoretical and computational papers should give a sense of order to the facts or point to new verifiable observations. Papers dealing with questions in the history of vision science should stress the development of ideas in the field.
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