Synthetization pill-like C-doped ZnO nano-photocatalyst for removing ofloxacin and methylene blue under visible light

IF 2.3 4区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, CERAMICS

Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology Pub Date : 2024-03-06 DOI:10.1007/s10971-024-06348-2

Thi Viet Ha Luu, Nguyen Thi Mai Tho, Tran Thi Thanh Thuy, Le Nhat Thong, Nguyen Trung Dung, Phuc Huu Dang

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Abstract

Carbon-doped zinc oxides were synthesized with different concentrations corresponding to PVA/Zn2+ molar ratios between 5 and 15% by the hydrothermal method. The XRD and SEM results show that the obtained materials have high crystallinity and a pill-like morphology. Carbon dopant significantly decreased band gap energy (EgCZ3 = 2.77 eV), improving the optical absorption of ZnO in the visible and ultraviolet regions. Generally, the catalyst with carbon doped 1.49% (CZ3), corresponding to the molar ratio of PVA/Zn²⁺ = 15%, showed the highest photocatalytic efficiency of ofloxacin (Ofx) and methylene blue (MB) and was higher than pure ZnO. This is possibly attributed to its morphology with good uniformity and porosity; the specific surface area of SCZ3 is 26 m²/g which is 1.5 times higher than ZnO. Moreover, it is also relative to the stable and highest saturation photocurrent density of CZ3, which is ∼6.4 µA.cm⁻², 4.15 times higher than pure ZnO. In addition, trapping experiments showed that positive holes and hydroxyl radicals were the predominant active agents. Finally, COD and TOC analysis results suggested that the photodegradation progress of MB and Ofx formed organic compounds with smaller structures and proved that over 78% of MB and 66% of Ofx were converted entirely to simple inorganic substances such as CO2, H2O, etc.

Graphical Abstract

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合成在可见光下去除氧氟沙星和亚甲基蓝的类药丸 C 掺杂纳米氧化锌光催化剂

通过水热法合成了不同浓度的掺碳锌氧化物，对应的 PVA/Zn2+ 摩尔比介于 5%和 15%之间。XRD 和 SEM 结果表明，所获得的材料具有高结晶度和丸状形貌。碳掺杂大大降低了带隙能（EgCZ3 = 2.77 eV），改善了 ZnO 在可见光和紫外光区域的光吸收。一般来说，掺碳 1.49% (CZ3)（相当于 PVA/Zn2+ 的摩尔比 = 15%）的催化剂对氧氟沙星（Ofx）和亚甲基蓝（MB）的光催化效率最高，且高于纯 ZnO。这可能是由于其形态具有良好的均匀性和孔隙率；SCZ3 的比表面积为 26 m2/g，是 ZnO 的 1.5 倍。此外，这也与 CZ3 稳定且最高的饱和光电流密度有关，其饱和光电流密度为 ∼6.4 µA.cm-2，是纯 ZnO 的 4.15 倍。此外，捕获实验表明，正空穴和羟基自由基是主要的活性物质。最后，COD 和 TOC 分析结果表明，MB 和 Ofx 在光降解过程中形成了结构较小的有机化合物，并证明超过 78% 的 MB 和 66% 的 Ofx 完全转化为简单的无机物，如 CO2、H2O 等。

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来源期刊

Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology 工程技术-材料科学：硅酸盐

CiteScore

4.70

自引率

4.00%

发文量

280

审稿时长

2.1 months

期刊介绍： The primary objective of the Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology (JSST), the official journal of the International Sol-Gel Society, is to provide an international forum for the dissemination of scientific, technological, and general knowledge about materials processed by chemical nanotechnologies known as the "sol-gel" process. The materials of interest include gels, gel-derived glasses, ceramics in form of nano- and micro-powders, bulk, fibres, thin films and coatings as well as more recent materials such as hybrid organic-inorganic materials and composites. Such materials exhibit a wide range of optical, electronic, magnetic, chemical, environmental, and biomedical properties and functionalities. Methods for producing sol-gel-derived materials and the industrial uses of these materials are also of great interest.