Metal recovery from spent lithium-ion batteries cathode materials: Comparative study of sugar-based reductants

IF 6.6 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL
Emenike G. Okonkwo , Greg Wheatley , Yang Liu , Yinghe He
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Abstract

Sugars and sugar-rich agricultural by-products are cheaper and eco-friendly alternatives to conventional reductants used in recovering metals from spent lithium-ion batteries. Still, they are rarely used due to a poor understanding of their performance and reaction chemistry. In this study, two hypotheses bearing on the role of chemistry and influence of non-sugary organic compounds (impurities) on the performance of sugars, namely: glucose, fructose and sucrose, and a parent sugar-rich agro-industrial by-product – molasses, as reductants in the leaching of Li, Co, Mn and Ni from spent lithium-ion battery cathode material were tested. Statistical analysis using ANOVA revealed that the performance of the sugars and molasses are similar with >85% Mn, >88% Ni, >88%Co and >98% Li leached at 90 °C and 60 min. This shows that the presence of non-sugar organic compounds does not hamper the performance of the sugars-based reductants. The performance of the sugars relies more on temperature than chemistry. Furthermore, evaluation of the oxidation pathway hints at a potential inhibition of secondary oxidation reactions at lower temperatures. This study provides statistically validated proof that the performance of sugarcane molasses, even at lower concentration, is equipollent to the pure sugars in the leaching of critical metals from spent lithium-ion batteries.

从废锂离子电池正极材料中回收金属:糖基还原剂的比较研究
糖类和富含糖类的农副产品是用于从废旧锂离子电池中回收金属的传统还原剂的更便宜、更环保的替代品。然而,由于对它们的性能和反应化学性质了解甚少,因此很少使用。在本研究中,我们测试了糖类(即葡萄糖、果糖和蔗糖)和富含糖类的农用工业副产品--糖蜜--作为还原剂从废旧锂离子电池正极材料中萃取锂、钴、锰和镍的化学作用和非糖有机化合物(杂质)对其性能的影响的两个假设。利用方差分析进行的统计分析显示,糖和糖蜜的性能相似,在 90 °C 和 60 分钟的浸出条件下,锰含量为 85%,镍含量为 88%,钴含量为 88%,锂含量为 98%。这表明,非糖有机化合物的存在不会影响糖基还原剂的性能。糖类的性能更多地取决于温度而非化学性质。此外,对氧化途径的评估表明,在较低温度下可能会抑制二次氧化反应。这项研究通过统计验证证明,在从废旧锂离子电池中沥滤关键金属时,即使浓度较低,甘蔗糖蜜的性能也与纯糖相当。
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来源期刊
Journal of hazardous materials letters
Journal of hazardous materials letters Pollution, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Environmental Chemistry, Waste Management and Disposal, Environmental Engineering
CiteScore
10.30
自引率
0.00%
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0
审稿时长
20 days
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