Liquefaction characteristics of sand-gravel mixtures: Experimental observations and its assessment based on intergranular state concept

IF 3.3 2区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, GEOLOGICAL

Soils and Foundations Pub Date : 2024-03-05 DOI:10.1016/j.sandf.2024.101444

Abilash Pokhrel , Gabriele Chiaro , Takashi Kiyota , Misko Cubrinovski

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Case histories from at least 28 earthquakes worldwide have indicated that liquefaction can occur in gravelly soils (both in natural deposits and manmade reclamations), inducing large ground deformation and causing severe damage to civil infrastructures. However, the evaluation of the liquefaction potential and cyclic strain accumulation characteristics of gravelly soils remains a major challenge in geotechnical earthquake engineering. To provide new and useful insights into this crucial topic, stress-controlled undrained cyclic triaxial tests were conducted on sand-gravel mixtures (SGM) having sand-dominated microstructure but different packing states (i.e., soil grain arrangement), which were obtained by varying the gravel content (G_C) and relative density (D_r). The experimental results confirmed that both the G_C and D_r have marginal (at low G_C and D_r) to significant (at high G_C and D_r) effects on the cyclic resistance ratio (CRR) of SGM, but highlighted the need to consider G_C and D_r effects together. In this regard, the use of state parameters, such as the equivalent void ratio ( $e_{f (e q)}$ ) and equivalent relative density (D_r _f_(eq)), were found to be suitable approaches to describe the combined effect of G_C and D_r on CRR as they provide unique correlations for sand-dominated SGM irrespective of their packing states.

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砂砾混合物的液化特性：实验观察及其基于晶间状态概念的评估

全球至少 28 次地震的案例表明，砾质土（包括天然沉积物和人工填海）可能会发生液化，从而引起巨大的地面变形，对民用基础设施造成严重破坏。然而，评估砾质土的液化潜力和循环应变累积特性仍然是岩土地震工程中的一大挑战。为了对这一重要课题提供新的有用见解，我们对砂砾混合物（SGM）进行了应力控制下的无排水循环三轴试验，该混合物的微观结构以砂为主，但通过改变砾石含量（GC）和相对密度（Dr）获得了不同的堆积状态（即土壤颗粒排列）。实验结果证实，GC 和 Dr 对 SGM 的循环阻力比 (CRR) 有微弱（低 GC 和 Dr 时）到显著（高 GC 和 Dr 时）的影响，但强调需要同时考虑 GC 和 Dr 的影响。在这方面，使用等效空隙率 (ef(eq)) 和等效相对密度 (Dr f(eq))等状态参数被认为是描述 GC 和 Dr 对 CRR 的综合影响的合适方法，因为无论其填料状态如何，它们都能为以砂为主的 SGM 提供独特的相关性。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Soils and Foundations 工程技术-地球科学综合

CiteScore

6.40

自引率

8.10%

发文量

审稿时长

5 months

期刊介绍： Soils and Foundations is one of the leading journals in the field of soil mechanics and geotechnical engineering. It is the official journal of the Japanese Geotechnical Society (JGS)., The journal publishes a variety of original research paper, technical reports, technical notes, as well as the state-of-the-art reports upon invitation by the Editor, in the fields of soil and rock mechanics, geotechnical engineering, and environmental geotechnics. Since the publication of Volume 1, No.1 issue in June 1960, Soils and Foundations will celebrate the 60th anniversary in the year of 2020. Soils and Foundations welcomes theoretical as well as practical work associated with the aforementioned field(s). Case studies that describe the original and interdisciplinary work applicable to geotechnical engineering are particularly encouraged. Discussions to each of the published articles are also welcomed in order to provide an avenue in which opinions of peers may be fed back or exchanged. In providing latest expertise on a specific topic, one issue out of six per year on average was allocated to include selected papers from the International Symposia which were held in Japan as well as overseas.