Clinical Spectrum of Ophthalmic Manifestations in Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein-Associated Disease (MOGAD): A Comprehensive Case Report.

Abstract

Purpose: To describe diverse ocular manifestations in a patient with Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-associated disease (MOGAD).

Methods: A 15-year-old Indian male had severe loss of vision in one eye, followed by a recurrent attack of optic neuritis in the fellow eye a few weeks later. He had a history of vision loss, speech disturbances, altered sensorium and was a confirmed case of Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-associated disease (MOGAD). Apart from optic neuritis, other rare ophthalmic associations, namely, macular neuroretinopathy, retinal haemorrhages, severe optic nerve head edema, peri neuritis, and orbital enhancement on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were noted.

Results: He responded dramatically to treatment with intravenous pulse steroids and relapses were controlled with long-term immunomodulation therapy.

Conclusion: This case report reiterates the need for early treatment with pulse steroids in MOGAD and depicts the heterogeneous involvement of various ocular structures in the disease.