Towards personalized nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) supplementation: Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) concentration

Abstract

Nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) is a precursor of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), which declines with age. Supplementation of NMN has been shown to improve blood NAD concentration. However, the optimal NMN dose remains unclear. This is a post-hoc analysis of a double-blinded clinical trial involving 80 generally healthy adults aged 40–65 years. The participants received a placebo or daily 300 mg, 600 mg, or 900 mg NMN for 60 days. Blood NAD concentration, blood biological age, homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance, 6-minute walk test, and 36-item short-form survey (SF-36) were measured at baseline and after supplement. A significant dose-dependent increase in NAD concentration change (NAD_Δ) was observed following NMN supplementation, with a large coefficient of variation (29.2–113.3%) within group. The increase in NAD_Δ was associated with an improvement in the walking distance of 6-minute walk test and the SF-36 score. The median effect dose of NAD_Δ for the 6-minute walk test and SF-36 score was 15.7 nmol/L (95% CI: 10.9–20.5 nmol/L) and 13.5 nmol/L (95% CI; 10.5–16.5 nmol/L), respectively. Because of the high interindividual variability of the NAD_Δ after NMN supplementation, monitoring NAD concentration can provide valuable insights for tailoring personalized dosage regimens and optimizing NMN utilization.