Environmental and sociodemographic factors associated with zoonotic pathogen occurrence in Norway rats (Rattus norvegicus) from Windsor, Ontario

IF 2.4 2区农林科学 Q3 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Zoonoses and Public Health Pub Date : 2024-02-28 DOI:10.1111/zph.13120

Sarah J. Robinson, David L. Pearl, Chelsea G. Himsworth, J. Scott Weese, L. Robbin Lindsay, Antonia Dibernardo, Chris Huynh, Janet E. Hill, Champika Fernando, Claire M. Jardine

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Abstract

Aims

Rat-associated zoonotic pathogen transmission at the human–wildlife interface is a public health concern in urban environments where Norway rats (Rattus norvegicus) thrive on abundant anthropogenic resources and live in close contact with humans and other animal species. To identify potential factors influencing zoonotic pathogen occurrence in rats, we investigated associations between environmental and sociodemographic factors and Leptospira interrogans and Bartonella spp. infections in rats from Windsor, Ontario, Canada, while controlling for the potential confounding effects of animal characteristics (i.e., sexual maturity and body condition).

Methods and Results

Between November 2018 and June 2021, 252 rats were submitted by collaborating pest control professionals. Kidney and spleen samples were collected for L. interrogans and Bartonella spp. PCR and sequencing, respectively. Of the rats tested by PCR, 12.7% (32/252) were positive for L. interrogans and 16.3% (37/227) were positive for Bartonella species. Associations between infection status and environmental and sociodemographic variables of interest were assessed via mixed multivariable logistic regression models with a random intercept for social group and fixed effects to control for sexual maturity and body condition in each model. The odds of L. interrogans infection were significantly higher in rats from areas with high building density (odds ratio [OR]: 3.76; 95% CI: 1.31–10.79; p = 0.014), high human population density (OR: 3.31; 95% CI: 1.20–9.11; p = 0.021), high proportion of buildings built in 1960 or before (OR: 11.21; 95% CI: 2.06–60.89; p = 0.005), and a moderate number of reports of uncollected garbage compared to a low number of reports (OR: 4.88; 95% CI: 1.01–23.63; p = 0.049). A negative association was observed between median household income and Bartonella spp. infection in rats (OR: 0.26; 95% CI: 0.08–0.89; p = 0.031).

Conclusions

Due to the complexity of the ecology of rat-associated zoonoses, consideration of environmental and sociodemographic factors is of critical importance to better understand the nuances of host–pathogen systems and inform how urban rat surveillance and intervention efforts should be distributed within cities.

Abstract Image

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与安大略省温莎市挪威鼠（Rattus norvegicus）人畜共患病病原体发生相关的环境和社会人口因素。

目的：在城市环境中，挪威鼠（Rattus norvegicus）以丰富的人为资源为生，并与人类和其他动物物种密切接触，因此在人类与野生动物的交界处与老鼠相关的人畜共患病原体传播是一个公共卫生问题。为了确定影响老鼠人畜共患病病原体发生的潜在因素，我们调查了加拿大安大略省温莎市老鼠的环境和社会人口因素与钩端螺旋体和巴顿氏菌感染之间的关联，同时控制了动物特征（即性成熟和身体状况）的潜在混杂影响：2018 年 11 月至 2021 年 6 月期间，合作害虫控制专业人员共提交了 252 只大鼠。采集了肾脏和脾脏样本，分别用于讯问杆菌和巴顿氏菌属的 PCR 和测序。在通过 PCR 检测的老鼠中，12.7%（32/252）对盘尾丝菌呈阳性，16.3%（37/227）对巴顿氏菌呈阳性。通过混合多变量逻辑回归模型评估了感染状况与环境和社会人口学变量之间的相关性，每个模型中都设置了社会群体随机截距和固定效应以控制性成熟度和身体状况。在建筑物密度高（几率比 [OR]：3.76；95% CI：1.31-10.79；p = 0.014）、人口密度高（OR：3.31；95% CI：1.20-9.11；p = 0.021），1960 年或之前建成的建筑物比例高（OR：11.21；95% CI：2.06-60.89；p = 0.005），垃圾无人收集的报告数量中等而报告数量低（OR：4.88；95% CI：1.01-23.63；p = 0.049）。家庭收入中位数与老鼠感染巴顿氏杆菌呈负相关（OR：0.26；95% CI：0.08-0.89；p = 0.031）：由于鼠类相关人畜共患病生态学的复杂性，考虑环境和社会人口因素对于更好地了解宿主-病原体系统的细微差别以及如何在城市中分布城市鼠类监测和干预工作至关重要。

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来源期刊

Zoonoses and Public Health 医学-传染病学

CiteScore

5.30

自引率

4.20%

发文量

115

审稿时长

6-12 weeks

期刊介绍： Zoonoses and Public Health brings together veterinary and human health researchers and policy-makers by providing a venue for publishing integrated and global approaches to zoonoses and public health. The Editors will consider papers that focus on timely collaborative and multi-disciplinary research in zoonoses and public health. This journal provides rapid publication of original papers, reviews, and potential discussion papers embracing this collaborative spirit. Papers should advance the scientific knowledge of the sources, transmission, prevention and control of zoonoses and be authored by scientists with expertise in areas such as microbiology, virology, parasitology and epidemiology. Articles that incorporate recent data into new methods, applications, or approaches (e.g. statistical modeling) which enhance public health are strongly encouraged.