Understanding the physical mechanisms of PM2.5 formation in Seoul, Korea: assessing the role of aerosol direct effects using the WRF-CMAQ model

IF 2.9 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
Jung-Woo Yoo, Soon-Young Park, Wonbae Jeon, Jia Jung, Jaehyeong Park, Jeonghyeok Mun, Dongjin Kim, Soon-Hwan Lee
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Abstract

This study evaluated the impact of the aerosol direct effect (ADE) on the meteorological conditions and air quality in Seoul, South Korea (Korea), using the WRF-CMAQ coupled model. Two experiments were conducted: NF simulation without the ADE feedback and YF simulation with the ADE feedback. The ADE resulted in a decrease in shortwave radiation at the surface and an increase in shortwave radiation in the atmosphere. Additionally, the 2-m temperature, 10-m wind speed, and planetary boundary layer (PBL) height decreased. The changes in meteorological conditions due to ADE-induced atmospheric stability and restrained vertical mixing resulted in deteriorated air quality. During the simulation, PM2.5 concentrations increased due to ADE, with daily averages rising by 4.2 µg·m−3 on transport day and 3.2 µg·m−3 on accumulation day. Process analysis (PA) was employed to investigate contributions of physical/chemical processes affecting ADE. Local emissions, aerosol processes, and horizontal advection were identified as key factors in PM2.5 increases in Seoul. Differences in the contributions of processes were noted between transport and accumulation day due to ADE considerations. On transport day, the YF simulation exhibited a higher influx of PM2.5 through horizontal advection, attributed to transport from upwind regions. Conversely, on accumulation day, horizontal advection decreased due to enhanced atmospheric stability, while vertical transport increased from restrained vertical mixing induced by ADE. Thus, ADE emphasized the contribution of processes to PM2.5. Emissions and horizontal advection were primary contributors on transport day, while the emissions process dominated on accumulation day.

Abstract Image

了解韩国首尔 PM2.5 形成的物理机制:利用 WRF-CMAQ 模型评估气溶胶直接效应的作用
本研究利用 WRF-CMAQ 耦合模型评估了气溶胶直接效应(ADE)对韩国首尔(Korea)气象条件和空气质量的影响。共进行了两次实验:无 ADE 反馈的 NF 模拟和有 ADE 反馈的 YF 模拟。ADE 导致地表短波辐射减少,大气短波辐射增加。此外,2 米气温、10 米风速和行星边界层(PBL)高度也有所下降。由于 ADE 引起的大气稳定和受抑制的垂直混合导致了气象条件的变化,从而导致了空气质量的恶化。在模拟过程中,PM2.5 浓度因 ADE 而增加,输送日的日平均值增加了 4.2 µg-m-3,累积日的日平均值增加了 3.2 µg-m-3。采用过程分析(PA)来研究影响 ADE 的物理/化学过程的贡献。当地排放、气溶胶过程和水平平流被认为是首尔 PM2.5 增加的关键因素。由于考虑到 ADE,在传输日和累积日,各过程的贡献有所不同。在输送日,YF 模拟显示了较高的 PM2.5 水平平流流入,这归因于来自上风区域的输送。相反,在累积日,水平平流因大气稳定性增强而减少,而垂直输送则因ADE引起的垂直混合受限而增加。因此,ADE强调了过程对PM2.5的贡献。在输送日,排放和水平平流是主要的贡献者,而在累积日,排放过程则占主导地位。
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来源期刊
Air Quality Atmosphere and Health
Air Quality Atmosphere and Health ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES-
CiteScore
8.80
自引率
2.00%
发文量
146
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: Air Quality, Atmosphere, and Health is a multidisciplinary journal which, by its very name, illustrates the broad range of work it publishes and which focuses on atmospheric consequences of human activities and their implications for human and ecological health. It offers research papers, critical literature reviews and commentaries, as well as special issues devoted to topical subjects or themes. International in scope, the journal presents papers that inform and stimulate a global readership, as the topic addressed are global in their import. Consequently, we do not encourage submission of papers involving local data that relate to local problems. Unless they demonstrate wide applicability, these are better submitted to national or regional journals. Air Quality, Atmosphere & Health addresses such topics as acid precipitation; airborne particulate matter; air quality monitoring and management; exposure assessment; risk assessment; indoor air quality; atmospheric chemistry; atmospheric modeling and prediction; air pollution climatology; climate change and air quality; air pollution measurement; atmospheric impact assessment; forest-fire emissions; atmospheric science; greenhouse gases; health and ecological effects; clean air technology; regional and global change and satellite measurements. This journal benefits a diverse audience of researchers, public health officials and policy makers addressing problems that call for solutions based in evidence from atmospheric and exposure assessment scientists, epidemiologists, and risk assessors. Publication in the journal affords the opportunity to reach beyond defined disciplinary niches to this broader readership.
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