Single-peak and narrow-band mid-infrared thermal emitters driven by mirror-coupled plasmonic quasi-BIC metasurfaces

Abstract

Wavelength-selective thermal emitters (WS-EMs) hold considerable appeal due to the scarcity of cost-effective, narrow-band sources in the mid-to-long-wave infrared spectrum. WS-EMs achieved via dielectric materials typically exhibit thermal emission peaks with high quality factors ({Q}${Q}$ factors), but their optical responses are prone to temperature fluctuations. Metallic EMs, on the other hand, show negligible drifts with temperature changes, but their {Q}${Q}$ factors usually hover around 10. In this study, we introduce and experimentally verify an EM grounded in plasmonic quasi-bound states in the continuum (BICs) within a mirror-coupled system. Our design numerically delivers an ultra-narrowband single peak with a {Q}${Q}$ factor of approximately 64 and near-unity absorptance that can be freely tuned within an expansive band of more than 10 µm. By introducing air slots symmetrically, the {Q}${Q}$ factor can be further augmented to around 100. Multipolar analysis and phase diagrams are presented to elucidate the operational principle. Importantly, our infrared spectral measurements affirm the remarkable resilience of our designs’ resonance frequency in the face of temperature fluctuations over 300°C. Additionally, we develop an effective impedance model based on the optical nanoantenna theory to understand how further tuning of the emission properties is achieved through precise engineering of the slot. This research thus heralds the potential of applying plasmonic quasi-BICs in designing ultra-narrowband, temperature-stable thermal emitters in the mid-infrared. Moreover, such a concept may be adaptable to other frequency ranges, such as near-infrared, terahertz, and gigahertz.