Exploring the association between depression and diabetes among type 1 and type 2 diabetic mellitus patients: A cross-sectional study in Gujarat, India

Abstract

Depression and anxiety are common among patients with diabetes mellitus and it affects the control of diabetes negatively. Depression is the third leading reason for the most disability-adjusted life years. Once depression coexists with diabetes mellitus, it is related to major health consequences and ends up in poor health outcomes. The study aimed to estimate the prevalence of depression in diabetes mellitus people and to find an association of depressive symptoms with sociodemographic and clinical predictors among patients with diabetes mellitus attending follow-ups at the general public hospital, in western Gujarat. It is an institutional-based cross-sectional study conducted among people living with diabetes mellitus at Tertiary Hospitals, Urban Health Training Center, and Rural Health Training Center. The study period was from January 2023 to May 2023. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire. Depression was assessed by the Patient Health Questionnaire 9. The collected data were cleaned, edited, entered into MS Excel (2006), and analyzed using SPSS software (version 26). A P value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. A total of 380 study participants were included in this study. Among 380 participants, 282 (74%) were having depressive symptoms. Of 282, 61 (21.6%) have mild depressive symptoms, 106 (37.5%) have moderate symptoms, 111 (39%) have moderately severe symptoms, and four (1.4%) have severe symptoms. Of 380 participants, 221 (58%) have clinical depression (moderate, moderately severe, and severe symptoms). Variables significantly associated with depression were marital status, number of family members, socio-economic status, type of diabetes mellitus, treatment given, presence of comorbidities, and duration of diabetes more than 5 years. The present study has shown a considerably higher amount of depression in diabetic participants. So, healthcare professionals should consider screening for depression using the Patient Health Questionnaire 9 or other validated tools in all diabetic patients, especially in those who are at a higher risk.