Methods of sampling malaria vectors and their reliability in estimating entomological indices in Africa.

Teshome Degefa, Delenasaw Yewhalaw, Guiyun Yan
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Abstract

In efforts to intensify malaria control through vector control and hasten the progress towards elimination, the impact of control interventions needs to be evaluated. This requires sampling vector population using appropriate trapping methods. The aim of this article is to critically review methods of sampling malaria vectors and their reliability in estimating entomological indicators of malaria transmission in Africa. The standard methods are human landing catch (HLC), pyrethrum spray catch, and pit shelter for sampling host-seeking, indoor resting, and outdoor resting malaria vectors, respectively. However, these methods also have drawbacks such as exposure of collectors to infective mosquito bites, sampling bias, and feasibility issue. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) light traps placed beside human-occupied bed nets have been used as an alternative to the HLC for sampling host-seeking malaria vectors. Efforts have been made to evaluate the CDC light traps against HLC to generate a conversion factor in order to use them as a proxy estimator of human biting rate and entomological inoculation rates in Africa. However, a reproducible conversion factor was not found, indicating that the trapping efficiency of the CDC light traps varies between different geographical locations. Several other alternative traps have also been developed and evaluated in different settings but most of them require further standardization. Among these, human-baited double net trap/CDC light trap combination and mosquito electrocuting trap have the potential to replace the HLC for routine malaria vector surveillance. Further research is needed to optimize the alternative sampling methods and/or develop new surveillance tools based on vector behavior.

非洲疟疾病媒采样方法及其在估算昆虫学指数方面的可靠性。
为了通过病媒控制加强疟疾控制,加快消灭疟疾的进程,需要对控制干预措施的影响进行评估。这就需要使用适当的诱捕方法对病媒种群进行采样。本文旨在严格审查疟疾病媒采样方法及其在估算非洲疟疾传播昆虫学指标方面的可靠性。标准方法是人体着陆捕捉法(HLC)、除虫菊喷洒捕捉法和掩蔽坑法,分别用于对寻找宿主、室内静止和室外静止的疟疾病媒进行采样。然而,这些方法也有缺点,如采集者暴露于感染性蚊虫叮咬、采样偏差和可行性问题。美国疾病控制和预防中心(CDC)的灯光诱捕器被放置在有人居住的蚊帐旁,作为 HLC 的替代方法,用于采样寻找宿主的疟疾病媒。人们一直在努力评估 CDC 灯光诱捕器与高致死率蚊帐的对比,以产生一个换算系数,从而将其用作非洲人体叮咬率和昆虫接种率的替代估算器。然而,并没有找到可重复的换算系数,这表明 CDC 灯光诱捕器的诱捕效率在不同地理位置之间存在差异。还开发了其他几种替代性诱捕器,并在不同环境中进行了评估,但其中大多数都需要进一步标准化。其中,人诱饵双网诱捕器/疾控中心灯光诱捕器组合和蚊子电击诱捕器有可能取代人诱饵双网诱捕器,用于常规疟疾病媒监测。还需要进一步研究,以优化替代采样方法和/或开发基于病媒行为的新监测工具。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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